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MARCH/APRIL ’88 
Vol.4 No. 3 
$3.00 U.S. Funds 


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The SINCLAIR 
Computer Technology 


Magazine 


MARCHIAPRIL ’88 


eee eet eee ee eet ete te 


Time Designs Magazine Company 
29722 Hult Road 
Colton, Oregon 97017 
USA 
(503) 824-2658 
CompuServe ID# 71350,3230 


TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE Is published bi-monthly and 
is Copyright 1987 by the Time Designs Magazine Com- 
pany, Colton, Oregon 97017. All rights reserved. 
Reproduction of this magazine in whole or in part by any 
means without written permission is prohibited by law. 


SUBSCRIPTIONS: $16.95 a year for six Issues (U.S. 
funds only), mailed in the U.S. No extra charge for 
Canada or Mexico (mailed “surface” rate). All other 
countries please write for information on surface and air 
mail rates. 


CUSTOMER SERVICE: Customer satis{action is our 
goal. For subscription service problems, or any ques- 
tions and comments, please write or call. 


CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Please call or write our office If 
there is any change in your current mailing address to 
prevent delay or even loss of service. The U.S. Postal 
Service will not always reliably forward magazines 
(believe us, not them!). Notify us as soon as you know of 
any changes. 


RENEWAL TIME? To determine your expiration date, 
simply read the date posted In the upper-right corner of 
your mailing label (magazine cover). For an example, 
“Novi89" would indicate that the November/December 
1989 issue would be the last issue received. A form is 
provided elsewhere to renew your subscription. We also 
send one notice In case you forget. An early renewal is 
very much appreciated, and let us know we are doing an 
adequate job. 


DEALERS, HARDWARE/SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS: 
Write for our display ad rate card, and find out how you 
can reach the largest number of Timex Sinclair users in 
North America. 


FROM THE EDITOR’S 
CLUTTERED DESK 


Tim Voods 
Just as I had predicted in our last issue my Then fi ly, there are those of you who never 
editorial entitled “S£WD IN THE CLONES’ opened a can intended to stay with us for very long anyway. The 


of worms, but in @ much more favorable light than I 
had anticipated. And, along with our on-going Reader 
Survey, the TDM Mail Box was literally bursting at 
the s et (Only one person, however, wrote to tell 
me that they had caught on to the, what I thought 
was, an appropriate title. It's from a Judy Collins 
song that was made popular in the 70's--*Send In The 
Clowns". That one person, was my good friend, the 
ever-talented Paul Bingham, who thought I should have 
included musical notes along with the titl 

As it turns out, I now know (than! 
that I probably won't be the last Sinclair user 
around. There are many, many of you who still feel 
that there {s quite a bit of life left in th 
silver and black boxes. Others of you, it seems, due 
te professional commitments (or whatever) dabble with 
the more expensive chin but still are very 
interested in what 1s going on here in TDM and the 
Sinclair community. 


NOTICE: Contributors to TIME DESIGNS ate independent of the TIME 
OESIGNS MAGAZINE CO., and opinions expressed In the contents of this, 
publication are not necessarily those of t ‘agement staff or its adver- 
tisers, Time Designs Magazine Co. will not be held liable for any damage or 


‘consequences resulting trom instructions, assertions of fact, review of pro- 
‘ducts oF companies provided in the magazine's content. It is recommended 
‘that anyone attempting to modity thelr computer or constructing an elec- 
trical project should seek help trom more knowledgeable individuals. 


flashier ‘bells and whisties* are sust too much of a 
temptation. Please do us all a favor, and sell (or 
give) your Sinclair computer to someone who would use 
it...and also give them your back ues of TIME 
DESIGNS (i# you no longer want to read them). 


Overatl. I feel that “IBM PC and Clone 
bashing" would be an unproductive activity for us to 
follow. (But lord knows how many times we've heard 
cur favorite machines bashed to death!) There 


is probably a great deal of Info we could gain fron 
our PC, Atari, Apple, and Commodore friends, 

I closed the “Send In The Clones* editorial on a 
positive note...which I would like to expand on a 
bit. There are those of you who have accused we of 
being too positive (or ‘sugar-coated*). Of course I 
an aware of folks who have left our midst, and that 
some of the user groups have died on the vine. But I 
am equally aware of groups that are still “on fire* 
and can pack in 50 to 60 users at tings, and also 
Some fascinating research and development that is 
being conducted right now with aur computers. 

Why concentrate on “belly aching* and ‘crying* 
about how bad things are? Why not instead work to- 
gether on some neat hardware and software projects. 
Let's recruit new members (and try to find those that 
have “hand-me-down" computers). Let's also try to 
turn around such negative bad mouthing we receive 
by showing others what we can 4do...and start by 
having a positive attitude ourselve: 

I don*t mean to get up on @ high and mighty soap 
box, but ram tired of hearing negative comments 


Continued On Page 4. 


SAVE) 181000 INVENTORY BLOWOUT $2.00 Per TAPE 


TIMEX Corporation 
02-1000 Statistics 

02-1001 Money Analyzer | 
02-1002 Money Analyzer Il 
02-2000 Keyboard Calculator 
02-3001 Power Pack 

02-4001 Mixed Game Bag I! 
02-4002 Challenger | 

02-4004 Bat Cage 

03-1000 Vu-Calc 

03-1001 Inventory Control 
03-1002 Manufacturing Control 
03-1003 Critical Path Analysis 
03-1005 Stock Market Tech 

Analysis | 
03-2001 Budgeter 
03-2002 Loan/Mortgage Amor- 
tizer 

03-2003 Checkbook Manager 
03-2004 Coupon Manager 
03-2005 Car Pooler 
03-0006 Stamp Collector 
03-2007 Stock Option Analyzer 


Knighted TS2068 
New Lower Prices! 
Multi-Draw 2068 
Fighter Pilot (F-15 
EAGLE) 


Thorougbred Handicapping 


10.95 
Hamess Handicapping 


03-2008 Home Improvement 
Planner 
03-2017 Solar Water Heater 
Designer 
03-2018 College Cost Analyzer 
03-3001 States and Capitals 
03-3002 Flight Simulator 
03-3003 Presidents 
03-3005 Punctucation Master 
03-3007 Capitalization Master 
03-3010 Language Usage 
03-3011 Superdoodles 
03-3012 Total Triangles 
03-3017 Spelling Bee 
03-3021 Computer Coach 
03-3023 Doobarry Domino 
03-4000 Chess & Chess Clock 
03-4001 Backgamon & Dice 
03-4002 Gambler 
03-4003 Cube Game 
03-4004 Grimm's Fairy Trails 
03-4005 Mixed Game Bag | 
03-4006 Supermaze 


03-4008 Ram Runner 
03-4009 Puzzle 

03-4010 Pinball 

03-4012 Frogger 
03-4016 Kasino Kraps 
03-4018 Merchant of Venus 


Demolition Ten-Pin 
Championship Chess 
One-Arm Bandit) 
Blackjack 

The Nowotnik Puzzle 
Invasion Force 
Escape from Shazzar 


Melbourne House 
MHOO1 11Games 

MHO002 Starfighter 
MHO003_ Catacombs 
MHO04 3D Monster Maze 


SOFTSYNC 
SSTO1 Space Raid/TS De- 
stroyer 2K 
S$ST03 

lator 
SST04 Shark's Treasure 
SSTO5 Space Commando 
SSTO6 Biorhythms 
$ST07 Double Feature Ad- 
venture 
2K Games Pack 
Meteorites 
Red Alert 
SST12 Alen Invasion 
SST15  Alpha/Vowel Tutor 
SST16 Hangman 
SST17 Math Raiders 
SST19  Nightgunner 


SSTO8 
SST10 
SST11 


Quantities are lim- 


ited. Get them 
while you can! 


TIMEX Corporation Tapes & Cartridges 4 for $12.00 


2068 Cartridges 


72000 Budgeter 
73001 
74005 Crazybugs 


12,95 
12.95 


States & Capitals 


2068 Cassettes 


States & Capi- 


tals 


Spelling | 
Spelling I 


Math Wizardry | 


Timex Teacher | 


Crossfire 
Circuit Board 
Scramble 
Dragmaster 
Guardian 
Stock Market 


Stock Market Calcu- 


10.95 


Greyhound Handicapping uy 95 


Night Gunner 
TS2068 BASIC Toolkit 
ZIP BASIC Compiler 
Trashman 

Travels withTrashman 
Tomahawk 

Machine Code Tutor 
Aquaplane 

Bugaboo 

Chess Piayer 

Critical Mass 
Cybird Assault 
Ghost Town 
Lazerzone 

Lost 

Mined Out 
Quetzalcoatl 
Robber 

Saboteur 
Smugglers Cove 
Startire 

The Island 

The Snowman 
Timegate 


9.95 
9.95 
16.50 
12.95 
12.95 
12.95 
14.95 
12.95 
12.95 
9.95 
12.95 
9.95 
12.95 
10.95 
9.95 
9.95 
12,95 
12.95 
12.95 
9.95 
9.95 
9,95 
9.95 
12.95 


Quadra -Chart 
Home Improvement 
Planner 

Auto Analyzer 
Personal Portfolio 
Manager 

Personal Home Fi- 
nance 


2050 MODEM 
SOFTWARE 


for the 7$1000/1500/2068 
S101 MTERMT = 12,95 


for the TS2068 
ST02 MTERMI = 14.95 


for TS2068 with OS64 
C279 ZTERM-64 19.95 
C139 T/S Smart Terminal 
Telecommurications by 
Barry Carter 8.00 


Math Wizardry I 
Wordcross 
Word Play | 
Word Play II 
Language Usage 
Androids 
Penetrator 
Casino | 


‘Simulation 
Hungary Horace 
Horace Goes Ski- 


ing 

Horace and the 
Spiders 

Blind Alley 
Crazybugs 


SHARPS 2068 
War in the East 
Fall ofo 3rd Reich 
Battle of the Bulge 
Britain invaded 


Fall of Rome 


Misc. Publishers 2068 


Zebra Systems, Inc. 
78-06 Jamaica Ave. 
Woodhaven, NY 11421 
(718) 296-2385 


re 


182068 SOFTWARE BOOKS PRICED $5 each, 2 for $9, 3 for $12 
Window Print $19.95 C173 TS2068 Beginner /Intermediate Guide 
Extended Paint $19.95 Se C192 1S2068 Intermediate/Advanced Guide 
Sprites 2068 $19.00 la C178 Basics and Beyond ware 
ZPrint 80 $19.95 summer's C230 Computer Interfacing Techniques in Science 
Tech Draw Jr. $19.95 with Experiments for Sinclair and Timex/ 

‘ : aan Sinclair Computers 
FT 2 C231 Powerful Projects with Your Timex/Sinclair 
Pict ee $19.95 Timex / C136 Vu-Calc and Vu-File (The Organizer) 
ZXpert $19.95 Sinclair Bi01 — ZX81 Programming for Real Applications 
The Worx $19.95 Products C135 — Learning Timex/Sinclair BASIC by David Lein 
Timachine Compiler $19.95 Catalo C107 INS and OUTS of the TS1000 and 2x81 
for eA  B102 Control Things with Your Timex Sinclair 
1 $29) , Bi03 Inside the TS2000 
ea ale sia complete §) C126 — Exploring TS1000/1500 Graphics 
ics De: r product §; C127 Explorers Guide to the TS1000/1500 
ear ra Bove hee arty iptionss C128 BASIC Basics for the T$1000/1500 
C281 Sign Designer $12.95 C164 Programming Your TS1000 in BASIC 
C272 Greeting Card Design $12.95 C130 The Elementary Timex/Sinclair 
GS03 Complete Setof3 $29.95 : % : 


MSCRIPT 2068 WORD Processor, , A& Micro Drive Wafers {7 Memotech TS1000 Liquidation Sal 


: MT64 64K Memopak RAM $25.00 
Cassette Version $24.95 i ; 
A&J Version $24.95 Our supply is running out. MT32 32K Memopak RAM $15.00 


. So stock up now while MCO1 Memocalc Spreadsheet $15.00 
Zebra FDD Version $24.95 f ‘ i A : 
Aerco Fdd Version $24.95 they are still available! §1MGO1 High Res.Graphics $15.00 


Black Wafers _|| Memotech Centronics Interiace 
Lencesil aed AJ10 10° 14K 400 with Printer Cable and 
operating s St $29.95 AJ20 20° sold out Memotext Word Processor Module 
Specninn Deluxe : AnH > ae pr Only $69.00 

: Only 8 units available! 
Spectrum $2995 | AJe2 62 85K 450 dia 
AERCO TS2088 Clear Waters : Synthesizers 
Centronics Printer Ay7o § 85K 350 F) 141 Zebra-Talker 1000 $35.00 
Interface $6095 LO Oy ASK ey C241. Zebra-Talker 1500 $35.00 
Star Micronics Dot-Matrix : C242 Zebra-Talker 2068 $35.00 


Printer $2595 | Aya gy See aed E) C145. Speaker/Ampliier $1250 


Alphacom 32 Thermal Pinter 3095 Prototyping Products 
6-Roll Pack Thermal Paper 15.00 C110 46-pin keyed & labeled TS1000 connector $5.95 § 
she “ag | C210 64-pin keyed & labeled TS2068 Connector $5.95 
ZX81/TS1000 Carrying Case 9.95 ; : 
lal f f. C112 46 Pin TS1000 expansion connector $1.50 

Sinclair 16K RAM Fack (ike TS1016) 9.96. J C212 64-pin T$2068 expansion connector $160 | 

Machine Code Test Too! (TS1000) 9.95 P : 

TS2068 Trackball Controller 29.95 

12 C10 Computer Grade Blank Tapes 12.00 

12 C20 Computer Grade Blank Tapes 
C403_8- channel _Analog-to-Digital Converter 


Send $3.00 for shipping & handling. $3.00 extra for UPS F 
COD's. VISA/MC accepted. 


See you at the Trenton NJ Computer Zebra Systems, Inc. 7 : 
Sexe eee 2-06 Jamaica Ave., Woodhaven, NY 1142 


718) 296-2385 
Timex / Sinclair Product. cy 


Li (even from our own users). Often I have found that 
ULM AT EaDISK SYSTEM Axa?) GRD] ietfoot'Srovien ssvarartretion® “There ta’ van’ anet 
g ea kK ie that could be done by others in this area. If someone 


is frustrated, a simple question (or questions) 


answeres goes a long way. More than often, its simply 

SYFORDABLE , FAST, RELIABLE ER TO yee and Showing a user how to install a printer code in a 

er is! BYTE Program to get their full size printer going, or ex- 

DISK SYSTEM for the Ts2a6sttt plaining how a disk drive is hooked up, etc. Those of 

you who are “more knowlegeable*,..we really need your 

Cones fully assenbled and tested vith 30 day help, if you are willing to take the time to explain 
warranty is aay includes: 41 LARKEN disk Something in layman's terms, or solve a problem. 

interface, 1 LKDUS cartridge cuith EX-BASIC), Enough said for the time being on the subject. 

1 density disk drive thik e disk), disk Before we run out of space, I did want to share with 

case, power supply and all cables coming up in TDM. 

Our next issue's theme is TIMEX SINCLAIR USERS 

* PLUS you get 1 FREE box of 16 disks and FREE GROUPS. We'll try to provide the most update listing 

software to get you started. of groups in the U.S, and Canada that we know of, and 

also some international groups as well. We will also 

ALL THIS IS YOURS FOR $289.99 (US) + $10 S/H select the top ten newsletters produced by the TS 


groups (to give all those 5 


31 time editor's a boost 


WRITE FOR INFO ABOUT 2 AND 4 DRIVE SYSTEMS 


are 
Wie : Ever lose a 
//) progran because 
of a bad disk? publication (this has been requ a '...plus 
/y BS simp ly grased all of our regular programs, articles and features. 
rar 


Don't miss out (surprises as 
Version. 60 retrieve it? 


Then for th 
will be our 

Yes? Well this software nay be of interest to 

you then... 


and a pat on the back). Along with the user group 
ler or company 
Community. And 


information, we will also list any 
that still supports the Timex Sincl 
wasn't all, the May/June is 
complete TDM page index for th 


Summer issue--July/August...that 
devoted to STORAGE MEDIUMS. All 
program conversions, utilits 
Some of those *rare* Timex and Sinclair tape drives, 
and an excellent program by Floyd Chrysler who con- 
verted it from a published Spectrum program (with 
sion #rom the author) for the T$2068. It really 

up things for those folks that still use 


This package contains 28 utilities such as: 
FORMAT DISK, COPY DISK, MOVE FILE, RECOVER 


ED ER FILES 
FROM BAD DISK, VALIDATE DISK, SECTOR EDITOR and 
many noret 


If you're a serious LARKEN disk user, this 
program is a MUST... 


fyailable on 5 1/4" disks (Double or Quad) and 
will also work on AERCO, RAMEX and OLIGER I/F 
with LARKEN LKDOS cartridge. 

$29.95 (US) + $2 Shipping/Handling 


*® $24.95 IF PURCHASED WITH ULTIMATE DISK SYSTEM 


IE OV oe GLASS BOS 


ation of all FONTS uged in BYTE POWER 
ER 25 


Moving on to the next section, I want to 
introduce you to Ralph Hammer, of Las Vegas, Nevada, 
who contributed a program called “CUBE-I7" in the 
March/April ‘@7 {ssue of TDM. Ralph is talented in 
many areas including the graphic arts. The upcoming 


Complete TS1000/1500/ 
ZX81 Library for just $10 
Exploring TS1500/1000 Graphics 
The Elementary Timex/Sinclair 
Fifty 1K/2K Games for the ZX81 and TS1000 


‘type fonts, 6 2K) fonts, 49 Explosive games for the ZX81 
Phar’ poe etek Este? 2 SeumtetauuRe UtHn Sy Ins & Outs of the TS1000 
CEOR ACE EMT EONTS} +» Making the Most of Your ZX81 
All 1X1 FONTS are compatible with PIXEL PRINT#? ‘The ZX81 Pocket Book 


819.95 (US) + 82 Shipping/Handl ing 
ST CLASS MAGAZINE 


BYTE POWER is a highly Sophisticated 
Computerized magazine on casse 
for the TS2068 and SINCLAIR SPECTRUM 


No longer will ou have to type in lol 
Fastidgous Progranse JUST LOAD AND Uke 


BYTE POWER is the ULTIMATE magazine, over 100 
megrans uere wtb 1 gener Dee to nov. Moat of 
hese are in HINE CO) And ve bri: you 

this quality progranming Fat a very shall cost: 


1, ISSUE. 85.50 (US) 6 ISSUES.. 
ISSUES. $49.99 _CATALOG/DE! 
Fins? CLASS’ PACK’ (6 ISSUES IN ALBUM). 


Explorer's Guide to the TS1500/1000 
Basics of Timex Sinclair 1500/1000 BASIC 
BASIC Basics for the TS1500/1000 
The book distributor didn’t know where to sell Timex books 
anymore, sO we were able to buy up a quantity of them for a 
great price. Now, while they last, you can get this complete 
collection of ten different tides for an incredible $10, just $1 
per book. They contain lots of wonderful program examples 
with explanations, programming tips, and more. Act immed- 
iatly...just 100 sets are available! Order item #10BK. In- 

clude $3 for UPS shipping, $7 US mail or Canada 
Money- back guarantee if not completely satisfied! 
Zebra Systems, Inc., 78-06 Jamaica Ave., 
Woodhaven, NY 11421 (718) 296-2385 


BYTE POHER 
1748 MEADOLVIEL AVENUE, 
PICKERING, ONTARIO, CANADA L1V 3G6 


USER GROUP issue is his “brain child", and he has de- 
Signed a great looking cover for that 
additon to that, he will also be doing oth 
assignments from time to time. After twenty yea 
t Air Ralph is facing retirenent 
Change of we wish him the best of 


An Open Letter To The Readers 


Every once in @ while, Tim Woods (our Editor and 
Friend) will stand on a soap box, and declare his 
loyalty to the Timex-Sinclair community of computer: 
And for the larger perce: right behind 
/ Computers are great to 
work with, and to have fun with. 

A good number of people, be they common users, 
on up to the Dealers and the ones who keep us 
healthy, have stood the ground for our orphan. W 


putter and tinker around with these black and silver 
machines, making it work a little harder and a little 
better. 

We have even banded together in small groups, 
meeting month after month, year 
the simple pl 


~the Sinclair computer. 
But I have started to notice a trend. There is a 


Separting mode going on. People are leaving our 
midst, to "upgrade* to the Big Blue Compatible, and 
With them goes the little tidbits of invaluable in- 
formation, and 
for they @ polished their computing "baby-teeth* 
on our beloved brand. But let's hang onto their phone 
number or addres: 

For the negative trend is also appearing, there 
are groups out there that are ugglins suttering 
from low membership and purpo: Some of us are 
tucking im our tails, hiding our pride. 

Let's aust off that old 2x81, loan it to someone 
who doesn't compute, I+ it's been awhile since you 
Ordered that one little piece of software, or bought 
a new Disk Drive, or a full size printer or monitor 
your togeth ult your dealers 
(they'll love ya for it!). Bring a non-TS-user to 
your next group te 

The time has come to start up a “National TSUG 


Organization®. To think of its potential is mind- 
boggling. A whole continent of ideas, help, and 
service Working togethi for standardization, 


software and hardware implementation, and even a logo 
to show our unity. 
Think about it, and then take action. 


of Las Vegas, Nevada 


Guest Editoria: 
The "Sleeper Has Awaken* 


If you are a “DUNE® ¢an (as I am), you may have 
Fecognized that the title for this editorial wi 
taken from that book (and movie}! But, that 1 
xactly how I 1...now that Io finally broke down 
and bought a Digk Drive System for ny TS2068. That’ 


right, all the program development that I have been 
Soing...Desktop Publisher and all, was 100% TAPE 
based! Thinking back, I shudder at the thought of al 
the wasted hours doing tape loads/saves and verifi 


How did I even stand it? 

Oh, I know you've heard 431 this before...1 
know, I was skeptical too! Why would anyone want to 
Spend 0 much money on a *dead* computer...how much 
longer im that little grey box going to work 
anyway...why not spend the money and get a real 
computer...all very good questions!! All these (and 


IN THE MAILBAG 


Now to kick things off for this issue, we have a 
number of guest editori letters, tips, and 
general mail...s0 we have elected to Jet Ralph Hammer 
go first. As always, we appreciate your comments and 
any Correspondence 18 welcome. If you haven't filled 
out your READER SURVEY yet, there is wtill plenty of 
time (WHY HAVEN'T YOU!?!), Another copy of the survey 
is provided elsewhere in this issue. We will report 
on the survey findings next time, See you then! 


wore) I asked myself for the better part of 4 year 
now, I guess it took me that long to find the answer 
BECAUSE I WANT TOO! That is what it all boiled down 
to. This little grey box is a REAL computer, not a 
toy! The simply fantastic programs available on it is 
Proof enough for that. My little grey box has been 
going 20 to 30 hours week, + for 4 
ye nd when this one di I'l} dig out my 
Spare, and when that one goes, I'll have had tine to 
get a second spare...all for a lot less money than 
One of their ‘real computers’. And how reliable is 
Big Blue (or a Clone) anyway? 

But what lly Bold me was the new 
possibilities available with the disk system. The 
Aerco Disk Drive System has 69K of extra memory built 
into the intertace, that is expandable. The Larken 
RAMGisk provides a second form of added capabilities, 
and can use the Aerco 64K as a RANdisk without adding 

nything to the system. In each the MEMORY 
BARRIER is broken! 

My new desktop program (Pixel Print  Pro- 
fessional) uses the Aerco RAM to BANK-SWITCH @ second 
Pixel Print column, allowing the user to 1 and 
Switch between left and right columns in the Desktop 
Program. The °Print-a-Document* program (part of the 
Same package) uses BANK-SWITCHING ta hold and print 
both left and right columns simultaneously! This 
provides perfect column alignnent in the twin (32 
Character) columns, and allo: 64 column Desktop 
Publishing when importing ¢iles ¢rom TASWORD ar other 
word processors that create ASCII text #iles, in the 
single 64 column format. The LARKEN version will us 
the RAMdisk to hold #ile data and provid: 
transter similar to the Aerco Bank-Switching, 
Volatile or non-volatile RAM cartridges can provide 
quick and easy add-on memory for tape and microdrive 
users too! 

As the add-on memory systens 
Popular, watch for more and no! 
tten to use these capabiliti 
ktop programs are only one 


become nor 
programs to bi 
Certainly th 
of many new 


applications that will take advantage of this new 

break-through! 

$0, wake up your computer and do what your inner 
n 


been wanting to do for a lang tine 
end in that disk drive order, you won't regret 
(For your information, I have compiled a short 
list of LOAD times for a variety of programs I use 
regularly. These times are for comparison purpom 
only... like government MPG figures...but somwhat more 
accurate!) 


S. D. Lenke 
Lemke Software Development 
Wichita, Kani 


‘Typical RERCO DISK vs. CASSETTE load tines 
tine Ia seconds } 


Pixel Print v3.2 
TASHORD IT 
Uu-File 

(xith printer driver 

and typical data file? 


TIKAGHINE 


Pixel Print Dave 


Newer Sinclair User 


I was very pleased to recieve the JAN/FEB issue 
of TDM magazine and your questionaire on what 
track you should be taking. For myself, I am in- 
terested only in articles concerning T/S equipment 
trom TOM} that is, i¢ I wanted articles about IBM, I 
would seek out national publications or their user 
groups which are quite strong as we all know, 

As to why I am interested {n 1/8, I suckered 
in on the PCB30O (a TS1000 Clone), and through the 
Dalian Timex User Group, changed very quickly to a 
model TS2066. I am @ working engineer (i950 vintage: 
where in my job I have access to and use daily, a 
nation wide IBM network system operating tive 3090 
machines with operating systems of 4204, UNCMS, 
sos t are networked via a high capacity 4 
transter system to our scientific computer center 
where we use VAX, CDC, and CRAY mainframes. The 
present CRAY XHP14 1s being replaced in March with an 
XMP28. These machines will compile a 10,000 line 
Fortran program in about 1 second. My department 
oftware is being moved ta the CRAY, and we will use 
a VAX 8800 the front end of this systen. 80 for 
many years I did not want any kind of PC in my home, 
but after buying a Radio Shack TR8-80 Pocket Computer 
at acamera fair, and being exposed to BASIC on 
it..,then slong came t PCE300, The T/S User Group 
recommended the TS2068, and when a T/S user went to 
Atari, Y wound up with a TS2068, T82040 printer, 
quite a bit of softwares and since then I have added 
two disk drives with the LARKEN operating system, 
John McMichael’s Commodore plotter, and lots of 
software from the SINCUS News Exchange Progr. 

Tim, We all wish you well in the magazine, and 
realize that the orphan will never be a roaring 
success, but the only reason I subscribe to TDM is 
the fact that {t 1s a good source of T/S information 
and I do not have to sift through many unrelated 
articles. I actually would preter zine devoted 
to only the 162066, but know this is not practical 
(and many of the earlier programs for the 
TS1000/TS1S00/2K81 can be utilized ¢airly readily i¢ 
you have an interest. 


John D. Austin 
McKinney, Texas 


Puzzle Of The Month Fan 

I¢ King Xerxes of the JAN/FEB 
Month® could afferd to have o 40 wives, 
obviously could afford a computer. (Probably a 
Zorba.) We have to ask why he needed the last hint to 
determine the number of animals brought to hi 

From Cedric Bastiaans’ program, we know the: 
are two possible solut! one With 46 wives and o! 
with 52 wives. Let's assume the king had 46 wives. 
I'm gure an old hacker like Xerxes wrote « program 
Similar to Cedric’s, There would be one ditference. 
Before ne received the last hint, he wouldn't yet 
know the number of oxen was less than halt the 
total {this was the final hint), but he would know 
that the total of all the animals was equal to 46. To 
see what the king earlier programs aust have looked 
like, change one line in Cedric’ program. Instead of 
the AND © <U/2) in Tine 65, ume AND W=4é. The rest of 
the program can stay unchang Run the program. 
You'll get exactly one ans Tf Xerxes had 46 
wives, he would have had the answer without asking 
for the final clue. So we can assume he didn’t have 
46 wives, and the solution totalling up to $2 is the 
only correct one. I hope that Xerxes wasn't 
complete computer nerd who spent all his tine on his 
machine. Can you imagine 52 computer widows? 

This is a great puzzle because it requires both 


“Puzzle of th 


computer and human analys I came = acro: this 
puzzle at the perfect time...reading TDM on the way 
to work! That day, my bows didn't come in, so Ih. 


all day to work on it 
or yone in his 
better sign off as... 


Since I?m not sui 
tamily reads this magazine, I'd 


Name Withheld 
Upon Request 


Last Of The Simple Computer? 


I have to beli that I am not alone 
to upgrading to a new computer 
It is not the cost--I have plenty inv 
my 2X81 systems. I just feel that I could spend the 
next decade or so exploring all the possibilities of 
the 2X81 with various hardware and sottware improve- 
ments available 

The 2X81 is, I feel, the persect ‘base* from 
which to explore the world of the computer and the 
280 microprocessor. In a recent letter from Fred 
Nachbaur (Silicon Mountain Computers), Fred sums it 
up much better than I ever could. Allow me to quote: 

‘I can’t help but wonder, though, if one day ti 
Simple computer won't reappear. It seems that the 
whole computer industry is shooting itself in the 
foot by coming out with fancier computers at lower 
and lower prices. Already it’s at a point where the 
best you can hope for with of the new machines 
is to become a capable 7. Forget about trying to 
understand it. At least with the ZX61 one stands a 
chance of learning what makes it 90.* 


in my 


Van 8. Vangor 
hiehem Tool 
Island Falls, Maine 


Timex/Sinclair--*The Real Thing® 


I called 2 man up just the other day. 
“I'd like @ power supply,* I had to say. 
“For a disk drive on my 2068." 

He replied, “forty dollars 
Ywaid, ‘Hey, that’s GREAT!* 


But then he went on to ask, “What could it do?" 

I sat back and smiled and said, “How about you?" 
"Oh, I started with pthers,* 

He id with dismay, 

“But look around now, where are they today?* 

Teo small and too slow and not much real use there. 
So they sit in my closet, under the stair.* 


“For just @ few bucks you clone an XT!° 
sHaving used them before) I stated, ‘Oh, gee." 
"Move up to a machine you can DO SOMETHING with, 
And you can SAVE all kinds of bucks: IF 
You build it yourself, itl] be QUITE a machine. 
With CP/M and MS-DOS, you can have a custoe drei 


*Why thank you," I said, *I'Il keep it in mind, 

And give ya’ a call if I can find the time. 

But Laughing quite loudly as I hung up the phon 
I thought, ‘I've got the REAL THING, who NEEDS 
CLONE! * 


Clint Cook 
Santee, California 


ZEUS UTILITY Revisited 


In the MAY/JUNE '67 iusue of TDM, we published a 
short S206 utility by Richard Hurd, that conver: 
ZEUS source code ¢iles into an ASCII file for either 
MSCRIPT and TASWORD Two. Evidently, there were some 


problems with the original listing. Here is the 
corrected version, including step-by-step in- 
structions. 


2) LOAD ZEUS Casseabler> CODE 
2) Enter this little BASIC listing 


5 REM HERE TO ENTER CODES 


10 LET T=O 

20 FOR F=61431 TO 61624 

30 IF T=0 THEN PRINT F;:LET T=6 

40 INPUT N 

SO POKE F.N:PRINT TAB T;N3 

60 LET T=T+4:IF T>=29 THEN PRINTILET T=O 
70 NEXT F 

8@ STOP 


fe) 


33332G339838338333333833333830003880333333 


108 


118 
128 
138 
148 
150 
168 


3) Now enter the list of 194 b; 
SAVE this along with the na 
bytes) as "Z_2_M/T" CODE 611 


4) Just add this code to the BASIC listing from the TOM 
article and you have it. 


REM HERE TO READ CODES 


LET T=O 


FOR F=61431 TO 61624 
IF T=@ THEN PRINT F;:LET T=T+6 
PRINT TAB T:PEEK Fi coe meas eer 


LET T=T44; IF T2=29 THEN PRINT:LET 7: 


NEXT F 


61431 
61437 
61443 
61449 
61455 
61462 
61467 
61473 
61479 
61486 


61497) 14 8 229 33 
61823 105 40 18 245 
61509 254 4 48 6 
ies Spaeinai te eigis 42 2) 24 44 
let from ZEUS (415 1629" as6c19s 254.8. 
1610 61533 264 18 48 2 
61639 226 24 152 235 
61545 183 167 237 62 
61851 281 176 185 112 
61857 114 2406 64 
61563 119 35 16 262 
61569 2401 @ 2 
61575 13 40 8 254 
61se1 31 12 35 24 
61587 229 237 91 114 
61593 112 240 237 176 
61599 240 1 64 8 
61695 114 240 225 34 
61611 24 19942 114 
61617 48 117 183 237 
61623 193 201 


22M 


33 @ 12817 79 183 
35 35 126 25410 410 
41 254128 48 47 254 
© 4¢ 4 16 19 24 
238 62 13 18 35 19 
126 264 265 32 7 35 
126 264 255 40 70 43 
62 237 186 32 215 62 
256 187 48 59 24 200 
35 78 62 32 18 19 


NEWS 


SUNSTATE TIMEX SINCLAIR WINTERFEST °88 


A lighter attendance than expected and heavy 
rain didn’t dampen the spirits of those T/S users who 
gathered in Orlando, Florida on March 5S and 6 for the 
Sunstate T/S Winterfest. A good time was enjoyed by 
all those who could make it. The area is one of the 
nation’s most popular tourist spots, with EPCOT and 
Walt Disney World just a short drive away. 

The dealer tables drew the most interest, with 
companies such as Zebra Systems, Sharp's, A+ Computer 
Response, Foote Software, Syncware News, WDJUP Co., 
and Time Designs; displayed their merchandise. 

There were also some interesting Sinclair 
"“one-of-kind" bargains to be found. For instance, A+ 
had boxes of items that were retrieved from the 
old Sinclair warehouse in Boston, when it shut down 
operations a few years ago. They offered packs of 
ZX81 ROMs, 2K RAMS, ZX80 kits which were in the 
original packaging, and the unique Sinclair FM Radio 
Watches...which were quickly snatched up. 

Another interesting display was put on by Mr. 
Eric Johnson, of Orange City, Florida, who obtained a 
large stock of surplus Timex Sinclair items from a 
relative who works for Timex in Connecticut. Among 
the most notable were a series of TS1S00 circuit 
boards that had been issued by Timex, from an early 
Prototype board, to a later compact design from 
Portugal. There was also a good quantity of TS2068’s 
for sale. 


2401 
66 229 


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# Print a complete Ooc 

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No more printer adjustments!) 
Uses bankeswitching to print 

eft and right columns together 
int multiple Copies! 

eusiatter Format or 

64 Column Letter Format 

QTE: printers must be capable 
of ?e Dot per inch Bit image 
Graphics, 

# Automatic Printer Customizing 

* on TAPE, autoesaves to disk! 


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PLUS this addition if you wish: 
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JAZZOFIRK INCLUDES: 


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Mail all orders to: 
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Pixel Prant 
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TAPE 
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* Same as Aerco 
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*# Requires min. of 3ek 7] 
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f RMG ENTERPRISES | 


Want to add PIZzzZAaAz—— 
want to JAZZIFY your 
Z20GS programming? 


urface (appeared in TDM J/A ’85) 
Converts estronomio coordinates to altitude/azi 
‘or redesign of U. 
“udg" version 2 allows multiple fonte and such 
BASIC full-screen window facility + restores screen (in SWN N/D '86) 
BASIC Classy Front End new fonts utility (as appeared in TDM M/A '87) 
“cfe/mc” Complete Classy Front End fonts M.C. version (as in TDM J/A-N/D '87) 


indows & Portholes complete--can work with “ofe/so™ th peels issue) 
‘ 9.95 
BINGHAN’S BEST with WINDOWS & PORTHOLES. 


(previous Binghan’s Best ovners can order a “wkp” update for $3) 


“UDG+"” The populer & useful “son” of udd program as found in BINGHAM’s BEST 
“efe/mc” Complete M.C. version of Classy Front End (use alone or with “wkp") 
“wep” The complete M.C. version of Windows & Portholes (st 


4ae0% ALMOST 3 MEGABYTES OF STORAGK FOR LESS THAN $5!!! 
That’s right. Five Top-quality TDK cassette tapes allow almost 3000K 
of 2068 program storage. And I’m selling them at less than $1 each! 
Not seconds or blems, these are brand-new TDK D€60 cassettes. 
years of using them I’ve never had one sent back because it was faulty. 
TDK CASSETTE 5-PAK............- 4.99 each 
(If ordering with other software these will be shipped 


free, otherwise please ad $2 per pak postage and handling) 


@ (in TDM N/D '66) 


meas Qua 
IBINGEBRREEIIEL 


ae Pi 
+:12.95 ppd 


and-alone also) 


In all gy | 2 


(continued from page 7) 


The Larken 256K RANdisk for the 152068 was 
unveiled for the first time in public. The smal 
compact board features one-quarter Meg of 


non-volatile RAM, and when used with the Larken LKDOS 
cartridge, it operates with standard cassette-type 
LOAD and SAVE commands. 

Along with the dealer tables, there were tables 
with catalogs and brochures from some absentee 
vendors, and a few user groups, including the 
Northeast Florida 1/3 U Group (Jacksonville), the 
TASBAM group (St Petersburg and Tampa), the CATS 
group (from Washington, DC), and the SMUG group (from 
Wisconsin, had tables as well. 

On Saturday evening, a meeting was held to 
discuss the idea of a Nationa! Timex Sinclair user 
Group. Some proposals e presented and commen’ 
were solicited from the audience. Overall, it was the 
consensus that such an organization would help unify 
and strengthen our TS community, and benefits such as 
a central Public Domain software library would be 
offered. (Note: read the accompanying article on the 
national group for further details). 


A Natsonal Sinclair Organization 


S.N-U.G, (Sinclair Northamerica Users Group) 1s 
an idea spawned by the organizers of the Sunstate T/S 
Winterfest, and has evolved ¢rom suggestions and 
comments from other Timex/Sinclair users. 

The intent of SNUG is to provide a forum for 


exchange of ideas, It would be am sour. of infor- 
tion, such am @ listing of active members, active 
user groups, Sinclair-specific BBS’s, an active 


library of Public Domain software, and a listing of 
available shareware and freeware. Later on, proposed 
industry standards for hardware and software would be 
adopted. 80 as to not have to “re-invent the wheel‘, 

ready established national group would be used 
& model to base the group on (such as CORSA--the 
Corvair Guners Assn.). SNUG would act as an umbrella 
organization, with regions being developed to tie in 
with established user groups in those are. 


FSS ERERERS SELES SSTECCSOREL SST STS SST STEL TT ESTE TSS 


PROMISE LAND ELECTRONICS 
Dan Elliott, Owner 


= 


Servicing compuTERIZED 
electronic equipment 


COMPUTERS / MODULES / PRINTERS / MONITORS 


Sinclair QL 


TS-2068 


TS-1500 ‘TS-1000 


16K Ram Pack 2X-81 Memotech Module: 


Commodore 64 VIC-20 PLUS-4 c-16 


Coleco ADAM TI-99/4A Conmodore 128 


REPAIRS / UPGRADES / ASSEMBLING / TESTING 


Write for prices: 


Dan Elliott 
Route 1, Box 117 
Cabool, MO 65689 


f) Ph. (314) 739-1712 evenings, Sunday - Thursday. 
W Ph. (417) 469-4571 weekends. 


CS Sesvovesseresrsssestescs vers cersrs<crercssrsssee 


It is not the intent of the SNUO organizers to 
infringe on, or supercede any already established 
group or company. It is only intended to show 2 
strength to the industry that Sinclair is not dead, 
and the mere fact that an organization can be formed, 


Will show unity and interest in Sinclair computers. 
Even a North American "Calendar of Events" could be 
established to help co-ordinate future plans and 
events. 

SNUG needs the support of every single Sinclair 
user in the U,S., Canada, Mexico (or for that 
matter--anywhere}. If you have any comments, 


questions, ideas, etc...contact either Nel Nathanson 

7515 Arbordale Drive, Port Richey, FL 34668, (613) 
863-5552} or Mary-Lynn Johnson, 190 Hickory Woods 
Cte, Unit 3-C, Deltona, FL 32725, (305) 660-2465. The 
organizers of SNUG are putting a time limit of June 
30, 1988 on their idea. If there is no response or 
aupport of the idea, then they will not proceed 
further. If there is input, an update will appear 
here in TDM. 


SUMMER WESTCOAST TS FAIR 
FEATURES AN “ALL-STAR* CAST 


The "perfect" summer vacation destination for 
any Sinclair fan is the emphasis for the Third Annual 
International Great Northwest TS Mini-Fair. What was 
once a regional affair (held last year in Seattle), 
has expanded into # two-day event. 

The show will be held on Saturday and Sunday, 
August 6 and 7, at the Cosmopolitan Hotel in 
Portland, Oregon. It jm nostead by the CCAT/S User 
Group of Gregon, along with three other northwest 
Timex Sinclair groups, and is co-sponsored by RNG 
Enterprises and Time Designs Magazine. 

Many of the exhibitor's and guest speakers are 
already committed. To date, Zebra Systens (from New 
York), Sharp*s Inc. (from Virginia), Ed Grey Enter- 
prises (from California), American Nicro Connection 
(from California), Jack Dohany (from California), RMG 
Enterpri (from Oregon) and Time Designs (from 
Oregon), are signed up to participate as dealers 
Confirmed guest speakers include Jack Dohany ‘author 
of many software enhancements for the 182068), Mike 
de Sosa (author of “Taking The Quantum Leap"), Ed 
Grey (telecommunications expert), Syd Wyncoop (TS2068 
software developer and TDM columnist on Z60 Machine 
Code}, Michael Carver (programmer and TDM columnist) 
Vince Lyon (author of ‘Archive Master"), and Norm 
Lehfeldt (QL programmer). Tentative at pri 
Fred Nachbaur {Silicon Mountain Computers), 
Lemke (Pixel Print), Bob Orr¢elt (EPROM en! 
TS2068), Wilf Rigter (Zx6i expert), 
ntatives from Cambridge Computer (Z8@). 

User groups from California, Oregon, Washington, 
Nevada, British Columbia (Canada), and Wisconsin, are 
Scheduled to participa’ 

On Saturday night (August 6) at 9:00pm, a Round 
Table Sinclair Forum will be held. This informal 
get-together will include a panel of noted Sinclair 
experts’, which will field questions from the 
audience. Thim will likely be the high point of the 
weekend 

One feature of the show will cater to the 
non-computer spouses and family members. For the 
kids, a professional clown will entertain, and for 
older folks (and the kids)...inexpensive guided bus 
tours will depart daily to explore attractions of the 
northwest (which include the Columbia River Gorge, 
Portland Zoo, Oregon Museum of Science and Industry 
and views of Mount St Helens). 

Another feature of the show, will be to invite 


the general public to come experienc inde on* 
demonstrations of Sinclair computers. This is to 
combat the “fear* that some people still harbor 


towards personal conputers. 

Quality accomodations at the on-site hotel are 
very reasonably priced. Double occupancy for only $38 
(plus tax). The hotel has a coffee shop on the ground 
tloor, and a restaurant/lounge on the top ¢loor--with 
veiws of the city lights at night and entertainment. 
The Cosmopolitan Hotel (1030 N.E. Union? is located 
Just off of Interstate 5, and is close to bus lines, 
city transportation, and just a short trip from 

irport. Hotel phone number is (S03) 235-8433, 
ntion the "Timex Sinclair Mini-Fair® to the ri 
vationist. 


Start making your vacation plans to participate 
in this Timex Sinclair happening. For further 
information, contact the show producer, Rod Gowen, by 
writing to- 1419 1/2 7th Street, Oregon City, Oregon 
97045; or call- (503) 655-7484. If you send a large 
self-addressed envelope with two 25 cent (first 
Class) stamps, Rod will send you a complete packet of 
information including registrations forms, and 
brochures of area tourist attractions. A BBS is also 
online in the evening and morning hours (PST) ¢or 
information. Phone number: (S03) 656-8072. Modem 
setting: 8/1/None, 


MIDWEST REGIONAL TS CONFERENCE 


Another Sinclair gathering is planned for August 
26 and 27, in and, Ohio, at the Beck Center 
for the Art: ter Cleveland Sinclair Users 
Group is the host, and they are looking for other 
groups, guest speakers and vendors to participate. 
The theme of the event will be ‘users - learning from 
other user 


about the regional conference can be 
Andy Kosiorek, 2192 Glenbury Avi Lak 
wood, Ohio 94107, CompuServe ID# 75046,3420. Or try 


the Timelines BBS: phone (216) 671-6922, setting- 
B/L/None. 
EVER HEAR OF THE T/S 30687 
{AND OTHER MATTERS) 
At a recent meeting of the LIST (tong Island 


Sinclatr Timex) users group, the former head of the 
Research and Development department of the Timex 
Computer Corporation, Billy Sky: s attended and gave 
a talk. Mr. Skyrme is currently the president of 
PSION, Inc., the manufacturer of the Organizer pocket 
computer. 

wnile, Mr. Skyrme admitted that he still was 
under contractural agreement with Ti and that. 
ain intermation couldn't be she did 
ntion some itens that turned many members of LIST 
green. 

The 1S2068, related Skyrme, 
either a *cleaned-up" 48K Spectrur 
ed design. While a c 
or FCC approval, the 
elected for manufacture, 

Another computer was 
T/S 3068. It would have 
Virtual Memory, 256 
"The only machi 
is the Amiga’, st. 
retailed for only 95. 

Another interesting fact, was that the “BEU* 
(Bus Expansion Unit) for the TS2068, as seen in the 
photo published by TIME DESIGNS (mee July/August '86, 
page 23) + according to Skyrme, completely 
engi ed and ready for to be production. With an 
internal floppy disk interface built in, Timex would 


was to have been 

or a totally 
in Spectrum was 
later model w. 


in the works, called the 
featured 1 Megabyte RAM, 
colors and high-res graphics. 
that would be in its class today 
Skyrme. The 1/8 3068 would have 


have sold external 3,5° drives (in little silver 
boxes) for as little as $49.95. This plan wi far 
enough along that Timex had a supplier lined out for 


the driv 

Most of the information on proposed products for 
the TS2068 (and the TS306@) will never be made public 
due to a myriad of legal reasons, and the engin 
involved in the project have all gone their separ 
ways 


Mr. Skyrme also demonstrated the Organizer 
accessor to tl LIST group. This hand 

computer (upgradeable to 256K RAM), has sold well 
markets where recording and calculation of numbers in 


the field, and other simple ‘type-in* answers are 
required 
The LIST group can be contacted by writing c/o 


Harvey Rait, 5 Peri Lan 
The above 
Newman. 


Valley Stream, NY 11581, 
information was supplied by member, Joe 


TDM COLUNNIST MAKES *BIG TINE 


Duncan Teague, a regular contributer to TIME 
DESIGNS and other Sinclair publications, is now a 
regular centributor to COMPUTE! Magazine. 


Duncan's connection to COMPUTE! began when 
whole chapter on a book called ‘USING NEWSROOM 
by Gregg Keizer (and published by the COMPUT! 


Library Selection division of the magazine) wi 
devoted to how a newsletter was published by Duncan 
and some students, Mr. Teague is the current dir 
of the Craigmont Planetarium in Memphis, Tenn’ 


which {im financed and operated by the Memphis City 
School Districts and is also a professional 
tranomer. The “in-house” publication is called 
KYLIGHTS*, and is produced with NEWSROOM, a 


MacIntosh comput da laser printer. 

NEWSROOM is a desktop publishing program which 
im available for many difterent types of PC 
computers (except the Sinclain...but then we have 
PIXEL PRINT). It was one of the early entrys into 
this growing market, which ha: ed even more 
powerful programs. 

Through the book, Duncan met the editor of 
asked to do software reviews of 
commercial Apple and MacIntosh programs. His writings 

rin the most current tasu 
Rest assured, Duncan has not forsaken his 
Sinclate equipment, which he still u: at hone (a 
782068 and Aerco disk drive system, and other equip- 
ment}, In fact, moat recently, he has taken aver the 
publishing and editing of his church's newsletter, 
and uses Lemke's PIXEL PRINT desktop publisher for 
the task. (For an article on TS2068 Desktop Pub- 
lishing by Duncan Teague the Sept/Oct '@7 issue 
of TDM). Watch for further information and tips from 
our resident desktop expert. 


‘SOME OF THE BEST PROGRAMMING AROUND 


If you really want your Timex Sinclair 2068 to 
work for you like it was originally intended to do, 
then you need to take a look at some of the very 
excellent programs written by Eric and Kris Boisvert 
of BYTE POWER. 

To date, they have put together ten “issues of 
their electronic magazine on cassette, which adds up 
te over 100 programs for the 2068! (Byte Power 
Magazine is also Spectrum compatible). 

In the most current issue, the cassette contains 
nine programs, plus documentation in a text 
"CONFLICT" has some of the best screens we've ur 
perhaps only rivaled by a few commercial Spectrum 
programs. There are four other games, plus a lotto 
number selection program, a music utility, and a boot 
utility for the Larken LKDOS cartridge. 

Tf you have never seen what thim Brilliant soft- 
mare team has cooked up for the TS2068, then you need 
to send for a sample issue of Byte Power for only 


$5.50. Write to: 1748 Meadowview Ave., Pickering, 
Ontario, Canada LIV-3G8. Now there is no reason for 
anyone to complain about the Jack of good T/S 


woftware.,.there’s plenty of it available from Byte 
Power 


TWO NAMES CHANGE - SERVICE REMAINS THE SAME 


ED GREY ENTERPRISES (formally Grey & Clifford 
Computer Products) continues to support the Tinex 
r market. A new BBS called the "Grey Matter 
is now online (213-971-6260, settings: 6/1/None, 
supports 300/1200 baud). A FREE catalog of Tinex 
specific products and non-specific computer items is 
ailable by writing to: PO Box 2166, Inglewood, CA 
90305, or calling (213) 759-7406, and also requests 
can be accomodated on the BB 

Assenbled and tested versions of the popular 
Z-S1/O RS232 Serial Card, are no longer available. 
However, a new BARE BOARD PACKACE is now available 
for the 182068 computer with complete documentation, 
for only $24.50 + 62,50 S&H. Write to Ed Grey for 
details. 

Another TS dealer, Variety Sales, has changed 
their name to VARIETY COMPUTERS & ELECTRONICS. You 
can write for their free catalog at: 325 W. Jersey 
St., Suite 2-D, Elizabeth, NJ 07202. 


FROM THE RUMOR MILL 


Fred Nachbaur, of Silicon Mountain Computers, is 
reportedly developing a Timex Sinclair clone of his 
own, which will incorporate many improvements and en- 
hancements. No further details are available at this 


10 tine. 


FOOTE SOFTWARE 


SOFTWARE = TS2068 TS1000 


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Badgammon (Backgommon) 


Advanced Math (Calewus) $12.95 $7.95 
Calorie Counter............ .39.95 $5.95 
U.S.A. (Presa, & States & Cape.)....89.95 $5.95 


Gambler (poker), 9.95, 
CHRS (char. & graphics generator) $12.95 
Hangman & TIC-TAC-TOE... 


Brother M1109 Dot Matrix Printer, compact, low 
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faces, multiple typestyles with near letter 
quality print mode and 4k memory buffer, comes 
with tractor feed unit $249.95 

QL or Zebra FDD cable for above: $17.00 


Cg 
\. ama, 


The Best of SUM 


Some sample articles include: Building Your Own 
Spectrum Emulator Repairing Your TS-1000, Word 
Processing Reviews for the 2068, UDGs on the TS- 
1000, Extensive Review of the Zebra Disk System, 
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A&J Microdrive. 112 pages 


Price: $11.95 


100 CPS, both Parallel and Serial inter- 


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© plugs into cartridge dock—door completely 
closes with cable running back under computer 
® frees up rear edge connector allowing other 
peripherals to be used; less chance of a crash 
© print driver software for LPRINT, LLIST, and 
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FootePrint Interface w/software & cable $39.95 
FootePrint with OS-64 option included $60.00 
Bare board & instructions only .......... 
Cable only for use with bare board 


Zero Insertion Force Socket option add $10 
THE BEST OF 


ht SINCLAIR/TIMEX USERS MAGAZINE 


A compilation of the best articles, reviews, programs, 
and hardware projects 


The Best of SUM, Part II 


Articies include Building an EPROM Program- 
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Word Processing, What's Available for TS-1000. 
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Price: $7.95 


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Artwork by William McBrine, of Salisbury, North eddy Bear* by Carl Green, East Liverpool, 
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using ARTWORX (Novelsoft) and TECHDRAW (Zebra). > hiladelphia, PA, using TECH DRAW JR (Zebra). 


12 


fittadtnd athe 
OMIM 


SANNA NNN 
WEUER-EUER LAND Rea AS 
a OT 


Bnated 
an 


ove ENE NN INGEST NEN NE 

PUP ET UEP 
ie Pee PPLE Ph 1, 
eeriths TM OO yy 
TTA Matra eit 


“On The Bus* (C) Copyright 1987 by Michael E. Carver, of Portland, 
Oregon, using THE ARTIST (SofTechnics--for the Spectrum). 


t Pattern" by Dennis Clinton of Sunland, 
using PABLO PIXEL-0 (by Michael Carver- 
published in The Beat Of TDM Vol.1). 


“Timex 2068" by William McBrine, of Salisbury, North [F .# "“Garfield* by Dennis Zacharias, of Yukon, Oklahoma, 


using ARTWORX (Novelwoft) and TECHDRAW (Zebra), 
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ALSO AVAILABLE FOR THE 1/S2068!! 


POWERFUL AND INEXPENSIVE BUSINESS SOFTWARE 
FOR 2X81, T/S1000 and T/S1500 COMPUTERS 


ZX-TEXT 


afRERP TPL” mabe x88? 


SELECT AN OPTION 


ENTERING A NUMO 


A word processor is lo @ computer user 
wnat a typewriter is 10 8 typist, except thal the 
former has more advantages than the latter. 
2X-Toxt can operate in 16-64K RAM providing 
from 1300 to 6500 words per document it 
features 6 different options: write, read, edit, 
Print, save and clear toxt Text is writen on a 
Per-line basis with quick speed and with 
horizontal back-space and delete capabilities 
being available. You can also access the 
editor directly from write mode and vice-versa. 
Text can be proct-iead on a per-line basis 
aitowing tor enough time to determine it any 
‘editing is needed. The text editor allows a line 
of text to be deleted, inserted, repiaced and 
listed for editing. You may aiso change a word 
© expression within a line, stop or start text 
while it 18 scrolling up the screen, begin 
Teading text from the tirst line of the file, re- 
anter write mode from the editor, retuin to the 
main-menu oF create a window $0 that you 
can read-edit two files simultaneously. The 
Paint option takes text displayed in 30-column 
format on the screen and outputs to etner the 
2X/TS printer. (With Memotech’s Centronics 
Paralie! Intertace 80-columa and tower/ 
higher - case output is possible) Files may 
be saved on tape cassoite with the use of 
‘one single command, or by the same token they 
can be erased trom memery / storage so that 
the full capacity of the program can be used 
or other purposes such as composing letters, 
feports, articles, memos, standard forms, 
instructions, ads. grapns, telephone 
directory, tists of customers. members, 
friends..etc. Also copies ot files are always. 
less expensive and easier to run than using a 
Photocopier, Other advantages are savings in 
lime, paper, ink, correcting mistakes and 
adding afterthoughts. more eflicienty than 
doing them through either handwriting or 
using a typewiiter 
$16.95 


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‘An electronic spreadsheet calculator is tne 
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‘and analyzing in matrix form any accounting, 
‘mathematical or scientific manipuiation of num- 
bers. 2X-Calc oparatesin 32-84k RAMandattoras. 
‘maximum of 3360 characters /spreadsheet. The 
entite matrix consistsof 15 columns(lotters A-O) 
8na.30 rows (numbers 1-30) with 8 characters/ 
cell. Unlike other popuar ESCs, ZX-Calcuses in 
calculations and withincells all 14 mainfunctions 
‘on the ZX-81/7S1000. it offers a unique “SUM 
function that totals one or more rowe/columns 
simuttaneously. Parenthesis can be used within 
‘equations There is no fixed limit on how many 
equations may be entered. Formulas may be 
stored in all 420 cells of the spreadsnee!. The 
display attords 15 rows /colums. Loadingot data 
into more than one cellcan occur across/down 
‘one of more row/column simultaneousyy. With 
vertical windowing you can arrange a set ot col- 
umes in any order, or practice using fxed-variable- 
alignment display formats. The menu otters 6 
‘options: enter /erase, move. calculate. print. save 
and clear the spreadsheet. Enter /erase allows 
the entering, deletion or data alignmant within a 
Cell nrough the use of a modite Cursor. With the 
move option you may move around the entire 
sreadshee! to access any row. column oF ceil 


‘equations that wil act upon the data already within 
the spreadsheet You can also enter bar graphs. 
into a celiinttws option. Absolute /relativere 
tion. down/acrossacolumn/row, isalsoailowed 
by this option. Also this option allows the auto- 
‘matic calculation of th entire spreadsheet with 
‘one single command Printallows youtooutputto 
either the 2X/TSprinterthe entire spreadsheet by 
cotumn-sets and row-pages through use of the 
COPY command. The entire spreacsheetmay be 
saved on cassetle tape or you may clear all data 
{rom it oF erase the program trom RAM entirely 
The most salient advantage provided by an ESC 
over specifically vertical appiications software is 
that an ESC provides a reusable framework with 
which you can compose any specific financiat 
model rather than just beiimitedtoonly one stat- 
cally fixed format tor storing. displaying and 
manipulating numerical data 


$16.95 


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ZX-CALENDAR 


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Time management is an important aspect of 
‘ny serious business and personal agenda. 
Planning how to spend our time leaves us better 
Prepared before and while we are spending i! 
and we remain better organized after we fintsn 
spending @. ZX-Calendas operates in 16-64K 
RAM affording 25 appointments in 16K. 100 in 
32K or 180 in 48K and 64K. Each 
appointment record holds @ maximum of 220 
characters, The main menu includes enter. 
yarch/check/sort, change. save, clear and 
print any and ail appointments made on @ 
‘specitic date oF with any party. Output toeither 
the 2X/TS printer is permissible. This program 
will permit you 10 remember to do something or 
to be somewhere important by cataloging your 
‘answers to six questions thal you must account 
for in order not to waste time when it is scarce: 
when, with whom, at what time, for how long, 
where and what are you going to discuss and 
conclude when you ge! together with someone 
else? The program lets you permanently 

te, record, clagsity, search, sort, 
calculate, modity. summarize, obtain a written 
report and store your answers (o the preceding 
questions so thet you will not forget what you 
decide to do with your time. This program 
identities your time according to when you are 
90:Ng to Spend it and with whom you are going 
to share it Through these forms of labeling 
appointments you are able to verity or modity. 
how your time is budgeted without wasting ink, 
paper or more time trying to remember whal you 
‘Said 10 yourself or whet someone else said to 
you or where you placed cortain written 
messages that you now cant find. Wah this 
Program you will know where you can find 
‘exactly what youneed to know about where you 
want to and haveto be, or where you have been, 
betore you get andatter you got there. Thus, ZX- 
Calendar wil lot you plan your tme so that you will 
fever have to worry about what is ahead or what 
Came before, for you will always know, by using 
to never be Caught astray by any time-frame. 


$16.95 


A.F.R. SOFTWARE - 1605 Pennsylvania Avenue, No. 204 - Mlami Beach, Florida 33139 


DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME 
L-1© 1984 


(305) 531-6464 


14 


FLORIDIANS ADD SALES TAX 


Tt im time to begin the next phi of CLASSY 
FRONT END: Windowing. Now I have cooked up two kinds 
fo windows for CLASSY, One is the rectangular kind 
with shadows down two sides, and the other im a 6mall 
Set of round windows for quick footnotes, status 
reports, and the like. These round versions of 
Pomt-it-notes I call PORTHOLES. 

Now as usual the total program is much too long 
to finish up in one issue of TDM, in fact we'll be 
real lucky to finish it all next time. I also like to 
leave readers with something they can run and use 
each issue. So CLASSY Windows has been divided up 
into some useful, stand-alone routines, some of which 
wo will explore this time. I# you’ type in 
listings, try to follow the line numbering as they 

re Later, when w together” merging 

smaller programs to form a big one will be a 
breeze. The ‘Windows & Portholes" program we will end 
up with, will be a complete machine code windowing 
program which can work by itself or with the CLASSY 


FRONT END fonts (parts 2 thru 5) we finished up last 
time. 


Figure {: 2068 Display File Map 


is 


ONT by Paul Bingham 


Lets start our discussion on 2068 windows by 
discovering that the 2068 treats the standard screen 
as three windows already! What? That's right, Unci 
Clive's little wonder addresses the sc: in the 
display tile as three separate sections. I've mapped 
these in Figure 1 as 4,B,C (the last two lines of © 
being the edit lines). Now i# your having trouble 
Visualizing thin, let's experiment for a moment. Type 
in a line likes 10 FOR t = 16384 TO 22527: POKE t, 
255: NEXT t. Now RUN it and watch the display 
carefully. The program is directly pokeing the code 
for eight black pixels (255) into each consecutive 
address of the display tile. Notice that it fills all 
of the window A before starting window B and so on 
In the old 2x01, the display file was much simpler. 
With the 2068 we will have to work around th 3 
Windows to produce our own custom sizes. 

Fortunately the 2068 display file does have a 
Bystem which a little code can work with to produce 
whatever we might want. Each byte holds the infor- 


mation of eight bits, each of which produces a pixel. 
Tf all of the bits are like our 
code 255, then all the pixels a in. Each 
of the screen byt along oo @  alno 


Consecutive in memory. Notice on our map that the 
first byte is address 16304 and as we progress along 
the 32 COLUMNS across the last in the row is 16415 
(or 16364 plus 32). At the beginning of the next ROW 
fat address 16416) the next byte appears eight pixel 
elements below the previous row. This is because each 
reen character is eight pixels high as well as 
eight pixels wide. Looking at the exploded view of a 
screen Character with our map you will see this. Each 
row Of pixels in a character im atored at an address 
256 bytes greater than the last. 
Now to make sense of all of this type in Listing 
4 entitled “screen address finder. The code in DATA 
lines 1600 tO 1630 and disassembled in Figure A tak 
the two coordinates of a character location like 
use in a PRINT AT statement and figures out the 
address of the top by of that position in the 
display file. This is y important to us because we 
will d such informa nif we want to draw windows: 
and also hope to restore any original stuff to t! 
Screen when we erase the window. Listing 1 randomly 
Chooses some PRINT coordinates in the BASIC found in 


2 REM screen address finder 


§ CLEAR sseoo 
10 FOR t-S5000 To ssas2 
2622 READ o 2 DATA 213, 


3 

43,283,10 
,264,63,2 
BS ,23,955 
QS ,167,33 


DATA 237,83,176,92,225,209, 


NEXT 1 

CET xSRNDSS3; LET ysRNOs22 
POKE S5003 x: POKE SSO4,y 
LET KeUSR Ssooa 

LET S2S58sFEEK 237294PEEK 2 


POKE 2,288: POKE a+7eese,es 
OR t21 TO 6: POKE 4414256 ,12 
NEXT t 
1760 PRINT QUER 2;AT ¥,x;CHRS (x 
73480 
4778 GO To 1710 


Listing 1 


screen wage CK TYPE report: 


a 
5 

10 27 
i6eo se 
asie See 
1820 68 
1830 69 
2730 3 
aie 23 
a72o 30 
1730 26 
i7ao a9 
i7s0 81 
1750 32 
1770 ae 


Li 


wu 


ting 1: Display 


lines 1710 through 1770 and then calls the code to 
get an address. Line 1740 pulls this info out of a 
little spare RAM address the code uses as a sate 
place to tuck such things. Line 1750 then “draws* a 
box around the periphery of this character square. By 
rewriting lines 1710 through 1770, one could exploit 
this facility in many ways. 

Listing 2 is the real performer this time. It 
will use the code of DATA lines 1400 through 1450 to 
draw four portholes as shown. Again the BASIC line 
1510 through 1560 could be written to draw the 
porthole{s) anywhere on the screen, If you study this 
code's df mbly in Figure B, you will find it uses 
the ROM’s CIRCLE and DRAW routines found at 9862 
(2686 h) and 9965 (26ED nh). By setting register A 
equal to the parameters ne want and calling the ROM’ 
integer stacking routine at 12518 (306E6 H) we 
circumvent the hassels of floating point. 


BUSH OE 
PUSH HL 
LD CE, Sag 


BIT 3,8. 
JRNZ, D793 
Co HL .aree 
CD DE.o20 
LO BA 

inc 6 

ACO HL DE 
DUNZ,O6FS: 


Listing 2: Displa: 


4 REM porthole demo 


S CLEAR SS@00, PRINT AT 9,9, 
poring code” 

TQ FOR U=SS200 TO 55165 

20 READ Go: FORE 1,0 
1408 BATA 1,0,38/297 
sig ATA 143/121,197 208,290 ,48 
r193 120,187 295/230, 48,68 ,28,20 
$7230, 48 208,194,398 ,183, 121,197, 
BdS, 240, 48,193, 148, 187,295,230 
582,90 ,205 250,48 205,194 08 
220 ‘DATA 193,121,218, 26, 76, 220, 
SEER Murtate Hare 
1A, BOS, 238,49, 205,237 .98,193, 127 
198,7,79, 420/248 /13,71 
430 ‘DATA’ B37 ,67,128 92,197,625 
BOS, 230,43,82 48,205,230 ,48, 62 

0S,238,48, 208,237, 38,183,297 
12S, 92,387, 82 48, 208,290,468, 
2,288, 430,48 

GATA’S2,2 205 290,48 205,23 
(483) 421,408,9579,8,8,227 67 
182,197 62,46 205,230,438 62, 
95,250, 48,82,2,208,238,63 ,26 
GATA 199,247,33,22,49,217,.2 


2800 WEXT U 

4g10 CLS 

4820 FOR x=2 TO ¢ 

4590 PORE SEOQ1 324804 (x-1) 

154@ RANDOMIZE USR SSoed 
PRINT AT 10,3467,5H(x-2) 57 


NEXT x 


Sonnac m 
a 


fp. Doe. 


Listing 2 


LO sc,saao 


POrthOLe demo CK TYPE report 


re 
16,282,233, 

35, 146,2 
72,405 393 
1,265,233, 


2.8 68,2449, 
40,6, 73,24,6, 


12,245,288 


288 .193,209,8,217, 
193,203, 201 

TA 335,209,254 24,249,295 
$46,204,235 ,258,203,233,24,2 


(St 273 bytes CK TYPE report 


1200 s09 a7sa 
4B10 242 21282 
i220 383 48167 
1230 338 13180 
i2io 387 25633 
2250 228 anes 
2B50 973 agsas 
iB?o 209 5332 
2230 343 3337 


Next time we will exenine rectangular windows and 
restoring things back to the sc! In the mean 


time, 1# you ¢ee1 like getting a head start on code 
entry, type in listing 3, We'll be adding to it next 
time, so you'll need it eventually. If typing is too 
big a chore, I will send you a complete version of 
Windows & Portholes as advertised elsewhere in this 
magazine. (Windows & Portholes comes with BINGHAM’s 
BEST for $12.95, or in a collection I call JAZZOFIRE 
(thats "jazzifier” in a drawl) for $9.95. For 
BINGHAM’ Best owners I will send you Windows & 
Portholes on cassette for $3. P1 


have any questions or comments to: Paul 
Box 2034, Mm AZ 05214. 


Bingham, 


COMMENTS GON CK TYPE 
by Paul Bingham 


Stan Lemke wrote a great Iittie 2063 program 
which appeared in the May/June 67 issue of TDM 
called CK TYPE. CK TYPE gives you a quick check of 
the listings you have typed in from TDM to if you 
have made any errors, But so far, I've only seen Stan 
using it! Well, I intend to repent of this 


siothfulness on my part by including Ck TYPE reports 
with @ach listing. This will help ail the readers who 
type in ay programs nip their entry problems in the 
bua. 

I've also taken the liberty to condense Stan's 
BASIC version into a *one-liner*. With a tricks 
his whole program fit into one line (9999) and this 
can be easily MERGEd to a listing and RUN to give an 


evaluation. This ‘one line* version appears in 
Listing 1.4, and a report on itself is found in 
Figure 1.1. To do this self check, you will have to 
enter and run it as line 999 not 9999, It has an 
added facility to kip its own line 9999 in its 
evaluation, It also starts wanting you to enter the 


name of the program you are 
Properly titie the output, 
refining his little gem! 
Jet's start using it! 


analyzing so it can 
I hope Stan won't mind ne 
And come on programmers, 


Short version CK 
313 


TYPE report 
28450 


939 
Figure i.1 


4 in your survey 
1# you haven't already. We need your input 
to help plan future issues of TDM and ta 
supply our advertisers with important data 
on service and products. Send this form or 
a copy to: Reader Survey, c/o TDM, 29722 
Hult Rd., Colton, Oregon 97017. 


ABOUT YOU# 


Name (optional): 


Address (optional): 


Age: Nale/Fenale: 


§f Occupation: 


H What $8 your hobby: P21 tT C. £ 


#ABOUT YOUR EQUIPHENT# 


Bh wnat wonitor(s) ¢o you use: Wy 1 
Other equipment you own: | 2 
Software package you use most: \). ‘4 i 


Other software you use: i= u f 
What computer/hardware item are you planning on Ml 
purchasing this y =_ | 
What software package are you planning on purchasing 
this year:__— H 
What hardware would you Jike to see developed for fj 
your computer: GA Oi dg 
What software would you like to developed tor 
your computer: gu £ 5 | 


dealers and vendors (about » @ gripe, 
@ compliment, etc.1: 


ABOUT TIME DESIGNSE 


Least favorite section: 


One particular article/program you really liked in # 
recent issue:_(¢ ex 


Ae tf 
could make one comment “directly to the 


i 


you 

editor, what would it be: nor! a ——_ 
= St hong aM time 

articie/, would Jike to see in an upcoming 


S/ t ¥ ay 
Siiggenl eh. 68s topic for = *theme issue: 


Do you know of any TS users who don’t receive Ton? Mf 
Would you be willing to supply their names and 


addresses? Do you have a suggestion on how we could 
gain more subscriberu? 


| 
| 
a 
a 
| 
| 
f 
a 
a 
a 
5 
@ what one comment would you like to wake about TS 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
i | 
| 
| 
i 


2999 INPUT £$: LPRINT 28; CK TY 
PE report:"’’: LET ds2S8: LET g= 
23836: LET _b=adsPEEX 9+PEEK (4-1) 
: FOR h=i TO 992: LET e=0: LET Ff 
sd#PEEK bePEER (bei): IF fiosasa 

(b43) 4PEEK Cb 
s2): LET bebtd: LET jsi: FOR isi 
TO a: LET €2€4(j+1) #PEEK b: LET 
gaNOT J; LET bsbsi: NEXT FoR 
€s2 ToS: PRINT Bc; FS TAB 85": 
74; TAB 16; “,@: NEXT ¢: NEXT bh 


Listing 1.1 


THEN LET a =d#PEEK 


17 


TacUbA 


DROP DOWN MENUS 


One of the advantages 


computers like the ATARI ST and ANIGA 
im the *Us 


TS2068 class of 
that their bigger memory and 
them...specifically, 
@ cursor around 


compute: 


cursor touches the menu line 


disappears when you make your selection 


your screen to be fre 


need it. Even then, by planning 


lections 


more fully tl 


case. 


Well, with all these advantages 


menus, I decided to 


creating a TS2068 drop-down menu 
iw just that, 


following program 


allows those 


The utility displays 2 lin 
the first has 


LEFT 
sprite around on the screen. 
placed on any of 
options drops down onto the scre 


joystick, the user 


header. As the cursor i 
turne INVERSE VIDEO. 
cursor 


moves off that option. 


of the 


when the DESK option is 
about 


be placed on th 
designing these headers, 


be a "null string* 


Listing A 


BORO REM Feresereseesesecnaeaass 


‘S 2068 Dcop-down Henu 
by $ D Lemie 
Lemke Software Deve lopment 
2ida bite Oar 
Wichita, ns. 87207 


SERIDERD DERE DDO TESS eats ett ee 


890 REM HT 0) BU Ao! ‘ 
PeueSeT MENUATTEN AGE .COL LAGU 

1456 0SOr LPF Bits -BoT ASD 

Sie’ REN’) List 

8820 REN | LPRINT 

8900 REN | GPEK & 

S999 REM teenesssscsssessaenesce 


LINES 9080 - 9090 INITIGLIZATION 
prrrerirettorettretirocerrcelsrc 
9080 OTM a(18). O©H Bie): oF 


f4): DIN d(3); DIM e135) DIM Ss 
2080): PAPER 7. INK 0: BORCER 1 


bos Ren Se 
QOOS DATA “LIST 1", "LIST 2°, "LIS 


newer, 


high speed affords 
such things as a mouse to sweep 
the screen, and a really nice menu 
structure that ‘drops down" onto the scr 


nn when your 
and then magically 
This 
of most of the menu until you 
menu 
correctly, you can show just the items the 
for a specific operation and be able to di 
With the usual 
most), or a Single letter as is more 


what I could do 
utils 
general drop-down 


fly) the type of menus found on the more expensive 
Computers, It is also a neat little demo program that 
who have not seen these menus in oper- 
ation to get a feel of what they are like. 
at the top of the 
list of menu 
ond displays the program title/nai 
moves a 


11 arrow UDG 
When the arrow cursor is 
a set of menu 
below that 
moved over the options, each 
ind then TRUE VIDEO when 
Pressing 
button activates the selection. Moving the cursor off 
menu options (and pressing FIRE) removes the 
menu list, and replaces the original screen. 
nd options are defined in DATA 
00S thru 9025. 
ected, a Copyright message 
line 9440). This 
up to 3 lines 


the menu header: 


In the 4 


the program is displayed (s 
age can be user-defined 


jote: You must 
as the program places two 
Spaces between the header strings. One of 


Stan Lemke 


Rece rss y_irsr 2 


bigge 


ersgran Hare 


over th 
Interface 


ee? FOR a> 


allows 


Jayout 
user wants 
cribe the 
short word 
often the 


S| 
TSBaeey PULL Dow MEWS” 


Stan Lemie 
Gftware Deva! oamany 


Time Design Magazine 
TS-20bB USERE/LO 


screen created with the 
Pixel Print Desktop Publ isher 


ERS 


rea FOR 292 


Tine Qesign Magazine 


TS-20b8 USERS/LOVERS 


screen created with the 


“drop-down? 
far 


Thi 


(very 


available for 
ull Cempty) 
selections 
Let? 
program is 


ne) topic 
Using the 


in BASIC too. 


menu Listing 


the met up 
the fire 


output 
May/June °87 


al 1 


eo ca hope 


these may 


(empty, two apostrophies placed 
Side-by-side, indicating no more headers). 


gee9 REN 


9014 REN 
9018 DATA 

*A-04", 
edac DATA 


segs pare, 
9625 Ren 

9030 Let Hse"Desk”. 6 
FOR is2 TO 4: LET Cit)=0: READ 


$: IF LEN AS THEN LET 
YSLEN 2842: LET HesHs+" 
9032 IF C(t 531 THEN LET cits =. 
9035 TF LEN H8>92 THEN LET Hs=i 
(1 TO 32) 

9095 NEXT I: READ Ts 

9040 LET b(ised: LET Oss"" FOR 
82 TO 18; READ a¢. LET a (2) =LEN 
aS: LET bist) =b(is tat Let 
S2084a8: NEXT i 
9045 FOR i=t TO 5: IF atilogt1) 
THEN LET d (1) 2a (i) 

9OSO IF 9146) gta) THEN LET 912 
) sali +6) 

9055S IF alieieird(3) THEN LET o¢ 


3) aa (i s42) 
9@60 NEXT i: LET €(1) =c td) 4a 62) 
aby (Sie) se tay 4d (2) LET € 13) sc 


18 


2 you 


you 
maybe someday w 
real drop down menus 


9020, 


h 


strings as above, 


take a look at the program 
up ready to 

(from Novelsoft). The program will work just as it is 

Program execution begins at line 9000. 

Lines 9000 to 9090 are program initialization. 

A is a copy of the BASIC program in demo 
form. The TIMACHINE compiler directives are 
can compile the 
program will work in BASIC, it is 

Following the progran 


arrow cursor UDG. Lins 


wn 


Nenu selection are defined using DATA statements 
in lines 9015, 


and 9025. Six selections are 
header, with the option of ag 
to indicate no more 


listing, The 
compiled with TIMACHINE 


already 
Although the 
L-O-W! 
listing is the 


CK-TYPE 


for debugging the program (Listing B..see the 
issue of 
TIMACHINE output. 
Sample menu that shows how to set up 
Other Program 
bytes for the 
perform the curscr movement. 

PAUSE 4 to control cursor speed. 
enjoy playing with this demo, and 


TDM). 
Listing D 


Listing C is the 
is an excerpt from a 
2 der ni 
9066 contains the 
9290 to 9360 
contains a 


Notes: Line 


Line 9355 


jee some 782068 programs using 


Go TO 9180 
BOOS REM sssesssseenaazanaeeces 


MENU PRINT/DRAU SUBROUTINES 
Iterriitrerererrerecrcr ice rroys 


9099 PEM hearer deere air pe 

9100 PRINT AT O.O,NS. SLOT O, 163 
RAL 255,09: PLOT 0,285: ORAS 

$5,0 PLOT’O, 163 RAY 255.0 PL 

OT, 183° _pRAW 255,0: PRINT AT i 

.{S2-LEN Tee. Tg. RETURN 

$103 FEM 

9230 PRINT HY 2,8, QUES i, INVER 

SELai Aoout this program. RE 


TORI 

Sun ge BRATION ea met 
PRI 34i ° 

G , 


ON 


Pixel Print Desktop Publisher 


1 CONTROL LODP_sssess 
NGO Rese PS setzEt an rren 


it T. TURNED IN “ITEM” 
: eRe 138 Sere ey ICANCEL? 
= ° PER CRENG SELECTED 


reeset i rereerrrerrrrrrrrr ss © ri64 


9149 REM: OPEN & 

9150 GO sun give PLOT 9,159. DR 
BNO, -259° ORAU ASSO: DRA O.15 
$152 GO SUB 9180 FOR 1=0 TO 7 
POKE (USR “C" 41) PEER (9dd4i 42868 
35 NEXT GL 

9255 PRINT AT ROU, COL; "m" 

9180 GO°To 9200 

3170 FEN 

3100 LET addsinogase0aasint (@0U 
2834924 (ROW-BAINT (ROU/3)) +COL 
RETURN 

3190 REN 


3200 Ler cK CL, 
Sus sod0 REN SORE 


iO Ir MENU THEN GO TO 9400 
9220 GO To 320 

$299 REN 
9235 REN 
9840 FOR 
A#I) PEEK 
URN 

9245 FEM BSR cae 

9259 FOR TO 2073: FORE (i +18 
B38) PEEK (6203147) NEXT 1: RET 


3389 25" SE 
B300,60 sub ots RINT AT ROW, C 
ria 

S8icbre 35 sen NTE Let 
COL =COL4+(COL< 230) 

9380 IF Sisd AND s<=6 THEN LET © 
OL=COL- (COL> =a) 

9925 IF S21 OR s=S OR £29 THEN L 
ET POW=ROU- (ROW =) 

$390 IF S=2 OR 5=6 OR 5210 THEN 
LET ROW=ROU+ (ROW 5) 

$340 GO_SUB 9180 FOR 1=@ TO 7 
PORE (USR “CN41) PEEK (adaei ses 


y, NEXT i: REM 

9350 PRINT AT ROwCOL; a. IF RO 
WeO THEN LET MENUS: 

& = muh 4: REN 


S400 TE TOL» sc (A) AND CO 
THEN PRINT AT Aa 

UB 9240: PRINT are 
é Peach roe (Bh ee thy 


Prec (i): LET RITz¢ (4)- 
AgQheT SET=0 Star’ rtEnea? eo ‘Fo 
9410 TF CoL>s¢(2) AND CO! $0 19)-2 
THEN PRINT AT ROU.COL, i” 
yo saeo- Rant Ar Oe ia) oe INGERS 
Ea; OVER dips(i to'c(3)~¢12)-2} 
~ GO SUB 9130: LeT TOP=2: LET BO 
Tais LET ceTecia): LET RITE 12)~ 
A, CET SET=O. LET ITEM=?: GO To 


8420 Th COL>=c(3) AND COL C14) -2 
BEN BRENT AT BOW .COL StS “SoS 
UB 9240: PRINT AT 6.013), INVERS 
E 4, OVER iypsii TOC) Acta) -e) 
= 60 SUB 9140: LET TOP=2: LET BO 
Teio LET CFTec(Si: LET RiTse(3)- 
Aggheh SeTa0: LET rren=i3: “so To 


$428 If COL>3 THEN LET MENUsO 6 
8 TO 520% 


9428 PRINT AT ROU, COL; “B": su 
89240; PRINT AT 6,9." my ueRse ic 
VER 90’ Son gis) PLO 
T°35s184. ona 2880. DAU O, WS 
aus =185.0° ORAY @,25 
$440 PRINT AT_4,5 
“) PRINT AT $,5,°O Lem 

ke Software (1987)"" PRINT AT 6, 


| REM 
eee Gyros @: G0 SU 


BePPk8, GET HENUsO. LET Rousio 


LET COL 216: TO 9151 

9499 REN 

9500 LET Sx NVERSE, BO sua 

9300: INVERSE 3 

9801 LET S= STICK (1,43. LeT ByT 

sgBRICK (2,4). IF BUT THEN Go To 

9802 IF NOT S THEN GO TO 9s01 

9805 Ler LRoW=ROU: Go sus S320 

IF LROWSROU THEN Go TO 9502 

9507 IF SET THEN PRINT AT LROW, 
QUER 4; INUERSE ibs (1 TRAE 

Fibers 

9810 LET SETsO: IF (ROW =TOP AND 

ROUCSBOT) AND (COL>=LFT AND COL, 

ésRIT) THEN LET SET=i 

9815 IF NOT SET THEN GO TO 9801 


=O TO 21 KE 
(1416984) NEXT 1: RET 


8520 ORINT AT ROW LET, OVER 1; I 

NUERSE 20 bsi1 to Arr-iersi) 

9530 Go 70 sse0 . 

9600 LET SETsO: IF (Roy =TOP AND 

ROW =BOT) AND (COL>sLAT AND COL 

¢sRIT) THEN LET SET=i 

9605 LET Trets ITEN+ROU-TOP) 45ET 
LET MENUSO) LET SeT23° GO SUS 

gaso. Dev Roue5" Ler Cb eis 

9630 PRINT a8; 48r G.g. “Ite seLec 


THON SB “co TA S18 


9995 STOP 
9999 Ene “oROP MENU". SAVE “DRO 
PMENU"CODE 57316,4557 


Listing B 


286 
Et) 


2 
Et 
rs 3 
i 3 
ry Es 
253 Lbage 
187 3873 
ee 2535 
se 2699 
18 2355 
33 2873 
ag 3362 
$3 3373 
43 3888 
2s BSa8 
11s 1e0s0 
30 Baad 
33 Sise 
? 1132 
83 3828 
53 2i03 
59 3218 
52 Frees 
yes Ege 
is i390 
res 3463 
35 3852 
Bi $235 
ifs 9 ieess 
26 2420 
gieo . 23: © Tg0a2 
gies Bs 3208 
eile be e523 
gira. BF 3283 
e120 218 leaie 
gies 8. pea 
8123 (87 3259. 
$338 831038477 
2135 gai 
$133. 27 3260 
gieo 23200 «T3431 
e455 e $21 
B13 314 BESae 
gisg 3 $36 
S150 Sa Bese 
g181 83 $755 
8iss es party 
eis0 «12 1315 
9170. 28 2503 
9180 | 8? 5763 
B10 | 22 2999, 
200 = 83 S718 
e219: 15 Ba78 
9220 «12 2315 
9230 5 2g Sale 
9235 © 29 Es33 
g280- 81 537s 
9265 5 Ba Bis? 
925081 S526 
8230 20 206 
e520 | 39 S345 
9310 46 4533 
B20. ss S503 
9325 > 33 $798 
93300 $s £218 
8319 31 75s 
$330 41 3247 
9355. 41 2870 
9380. 521 
9399 Be 3218 
e400: 257: iasae 
g410 | 257 | 1arso 
9420: 288 «190138 
9425: 38) S349 
$430 2 77 ~ Tivss 
2440 2 166 018198 
9450: 9s 6asi 
9499 = 23 2836 
2500 = 41 2363 
9501 . 63 $318 
e502: 18 1307 
9505 = 44 Sada 
B507 : 62 8578 
9510 63 2375 
9515 : 18 Beos 
9520: 56 4385 
9530: iB 333 
9500 = 8S 2375 
9608 = 92 7383, 
9010: 458 | i33es 
9997 2 4 $33 
2998 2 265 
3989 |: fs 3357 


Listing C 


PREC RER RSS, 
PEGS OENBON 


14339 


a8 


INTEG 


RTAB0 ose 
ATiBs 653 
RTaB2 684 
ATAzS S72 
arise 79 
ar ize ory 
INnTes 73 
INTES 25 
INTES cad 
INTES 72 
Intes 31 
33 
INTEG 35 
INTES 7 
INTes 32 
Er 
193, 
35 
a7 
32 
4 


Driven Fe 


8 
6 
8 
cs 
6 
8 
8 
8: 
6 
6 
5 
6 
6 
é 
3 
3. 
3 
INTES 6: 
8 
6 
8 
3 
8 
S 
8 
6: 
& 
é 
8. 
6 
é 
5 
iS 
€ 
S 
6 


SURO EEE EEE EeReErErneee Serre 
Ret heiress testi tam t 


Es 
3 
rf 
3 
5 
‘3 
3 
3 
i 


StRiessy 


TIME MACHINE O1986 Cameron mayne 


Ho. 4857 BYTES 
+ 3495 BYTES FOR mic VaRIASLES 
(BASIC UAs 8725 evTEs} 


SAVE "msc"CODE S795. 4587 
LOAD "M/c"CODE $7326 
Listing D 


3004) 5En Sarre 
9005 CATR “Insutvouteut , Stir 


9820 DATA" Piper" Ine 
«Borer *)" Brignt : 
seas bata tnt)? 


va 


Something 1 ha lly missed, not being able 
to do with my TS2068 1s using it with a plotter. This 
waa most unfortunate as I had used one on an earlier 
System I owned...a VIC20 (by Commodore). I had used a 
1520 Color Plotter Printer. I was at the point of 
working out the problem of interfacing the rather 
unusual serial port on the Commodore 1520, when I 
Picked up a magazine and found an ad for an in- 
terface and software to run the plotter on the Timex 
Sinclair 1S2068. I sent for some information and very 
shortly had the kit in my hands to begin the task. 
HOTE: Get the kit if you know what you are doing and 
are not rusty at the soldering iron...otherwise order 
the completed intertfa 

The Commadore 1520 uses paper slightly wider 
than that used by the TS2040 printer, but not the 
standard @* (it is under S*). However, it is regular 
Paper and is available ¢rom Commodore, Radio Shack 
and many Atari dealers. They also carry the four 
colored pens used in the plotter. All of these brands 
made a simitar plotter, and each set up to inter¢ace 
with their particular computer, The colors are black, 
blue, red and green, In all the years I have had this 
Plotter, I have had but one problem with it...a small 
Plastic gear coming loose and not being able to turn 
the other gears to move the paper back and forth. A 
small amount of super glue gel seems to have cured 
this. 14 you ever have to do this be careful not to 
get any in the grooves of the gear itselt. 

The graphics you can do with this intersace and 
the available software for it is by no means limite 
John McMichael, the designer of the int and t 
Programmer does not skimp on features. The Driver 
Program that comes with the interface contains a very 
extensive demo of just what can be expected of this 
Comba. You can also exemine the demo program, but not 
copy it to the 2040 printer or LLIST it. You can also 
clear out the BASIC (except Line 10 which you will 
need to load the machine code) and u: 
for your own programs. This is a better deal 
got from Commodore when I purchased 
originally, it had no ready to run program 
no driver...only a manual 


this driver 
than 1 
the plotter 

with it, 
with a few short sample 


Ever lose a 
program hecause 
of aoa disk 
Si erase 
The wrong file 
and could not 


Versten eg retrieve it? 


Yes? Well this software nay be of interest to 
you then... 


This package contains 2@ utilities such as: 


FORMAT DISK, COPY DISK, MOVE FILE, RECOVER 
ERASED FILE, RECOVER CATALOG, RECOVER FILES 
FROM BAD DISK, VALIDATE DISK, SECTOR EDITOR and 
nany nore? 


If you're a serious LARKEN disk user, this 
Program is a MUST... 


Oval lsh le. on H 1/4" Sisks Soup le cor wad) aod 
a an 
Gith LARKEN LKDGS cartridge: 


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* $24.95 IF PURCHASED WITH ULTIMATE DISK SYSTEM 
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503/655-7484 


20 


THE TS2068 AND THE COMMODORE 1520 PLOTTER 
reviewed by Frank Davis 


programs of which all but tho of 
errors in the programs, 

Other Software available for this intertace 
include the Following: A) SCREEN-TO-PLOTTER, which 
@liows you to wu the plotter like a connect the 
dots, by use of the cursor or a joystick, use 
save wcroeens or load in previously saved scre 


them contained 


edit them, all in ¢our colors. When using text 
have many choices, such as solid lines or 4 
lines, size of print, character rotation, center in: 


To change colors in pictures or text is an simp! 
hitting the let *c* or changing pages by use of 
the letter “P*. This is a user friendly program. 

B. CMS 1520, is a program which allows you to 
combine Customized MSCRIPT VS or V5.2 and the 1520. 
This allows the use of the 1520 as an 80 column 
Printer in color and the use of all of the 1520 
functions ina text file. 

€. PIC-PLOT which allows you to do a dump of a 
Screen to the 1520 in two sizes. You can select one 
color for the small plot and two colors for the 
larger plot. It also allows you to put colored 
Captions or sub-titles below the pictures. 

D. BANNERIFIC, a program that allows you to use 
the 1520 to make colored banners. You may plot up to 
two hundred characters using the special UDGs that 
come with the program, or use those of the ROM set. 
It has 58 selectable character sizes and each 
character can be whatever color you gn it. Th 
banner may hh the characters designed either 
vertical or horizontal, and the characters may be 
inversed or done as an over character. You can select 
proportional spacing or not. The only thing missing 
here was the option to {11 in the character or nat 
to #111. It should be easy to use your own UDG's with 
this program. 

The 1520 is an ORPHAN in its own right. It is no 
nger available from Commodore in the U.S. I have 
sone ads for it in some British Mags. 
with the VIC20, still being offered for sale 
means that you first need to get one before you 
invest in this nifty interface and software. They are 
available at many TOY-R-US stores across the nation 
for 930 to #40 inot bad whin IT think of the $199 many 
people paid). You might just check a local Commodore 
Users group to see if someone wants to let go of oni 


Also check your local Commodore Dealer to if he 
still can get you one, I aw used ones for e at 
each of the computer and nam shows I went to this 


last year. They were also being offered for $49.95 + 
$3 S&H by ALL ELECTRONICS CORP., PO Box 20406, Los 
Angeles, CA 90004, 1-800-826-5432. 

To get more information about this interface and 
the software, write to: John McMichael, 1710 Palmer 
Drive, Laramie, WY 82070. 


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BRAN $12 - Works in both 192 x 256 and 192% S12, b/w 
only. Draw (w/ OVER or INVERSE) & Line $ Box % Square & 
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screens 3 ways % Rotate (scroll) screen in 8 directions, 
a pixel at a tiae $ Flip eft/right or up/down 8 Mirror 
4 ways & Convert back and forth between S2-col, and 64- 
col. aodes in several ways t Use tick or keyboard § 
Screen duaps from POWER PRINT.. +089! 


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Postage paid on all orders t Check or Honey Order 
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The *Z-COLUNN® is a new and regular (hopefully) 
feature of 7IME DESIGNS. We will cover news and 
helpful tidbits of information for the Z88 Laptop 
Computer...the newest addition to the Sinclair family 
tree. On occatson, we may also accompany this column 
with an article or product review. 

What better way to kick off a new column than to 
make a major announcement! Yes, that’s right...just 
as Cambridge Computer (Sir Clive’s new company) 
promised...the Z@8 has passed the FCC test, and is 
Row available here in the U.S.! 

While some details were sketchy at press time, 
we do know that Cambridge Computer has signed a deal 
with a U.S. distributor, and that the new computers 
are being assembled by SCI in Huntsville, Alabama, 
with foreign parts. SCI ie a U.S. based corporation 
that has worldwide concerns, and is in f#act manu- 
facturing the European 288 for Cambridge, in a 
Scotland factary. 

The U.S. 288 is reported to have an updated ROM. 
It also has a steeper retail price than what most of 
us anticipated...$549.90. No getting around this, 
the weak dollar has driven prices up. (In fact all 
personal computers are going up in price for the 
first time in years. And Japaneese RAM chips are 
once again expensive.) Some folks will certainly shy 
away from the price, but this tm the most powerful 
(for its size and weight) laptop computer currently 
on the market. 

1/2 Meg RAM cartridges are now available for 
right around $400, With three of them install it 
gives the user 1 1/2 Meg to play with ‘on the go". 
The 1 Meg. cartridges, are still supposed to be 

sed in a couple of months. 

Lots of third-party support taking off now in 
Here are a fen of the most recent develop- 


Z-TERA is a new telecommunications package (a 
U.S. version im avallable) that gupports XMODEM, it 
autedials, and can drive virtually any modem, in- 
cluding the new miniature 268 modem from Miracle 
Systems. 

Cusmanah will have their disk drive interface 
(with RGB monitor output) available soon for $199. It 
works similar to the Radio Shack floppy drive system 
for the Model 100. 

focus Magazines (the publishers of af WORLD 
Magazine, will launch their new 288-specitic magazine 
this month. 

The 288 Users’ Club of Great Britain has formed, 
and already has four club newsletters published, 
called the 288 EPROM. For turther information, write 
to: Roy Woodwared, 68 Wellington Street, Long Eaton, 
Nottingham, England NG10-4NG. (Thanks to Larry 
Chavarie of Canada for supplying this information.) 

While I attended the SUNSTATE TS WINTERFEST in 
Orlando, Florida, I had the privilege of meeting Stan 
Veit, who is the Publisher/Owner/Editor-in-Chief of 
COMPUTER SHOPPER. While Mr. Veit had attended the 
Fall Comdex in Las Vegas, a representative from 
Cambridge gave him a 288 for review (see the March 
"88 insue of Computer Shopper). Stan uses the Z88 as 
his ‘electronic notebook” wherever he goes. Now here 
iB someone who has access to virtually any PC or 
laptop...and actually prefers the 268 for some 
applications over the others. He mentioned that the 

flent keyboard* is a big plus in conferenc 
Well, no doubt, many of you are skeptical about 
this new computer, and the price alone will drive a 
big share of the “hardcore* Sinclair types away. But 
nevertheless, this {is an excellent taptop computer, 


ang the finest computer for Sir Clive to date. It's 
not another Sinclair "Boondoggle® (as one newsletter 
editor called it..,yet admitted he had never used one 
before), while the Florida Winter#est, the sane 
comment was hi and time again at the SHARP'S 
booth: "This is what the OL sould have been!* (I'm 
not knocking the @L though, as it does have merits of 
its own.) 
Sir Clive himself {s very serious about this 
Computer, and wants to insure its success. Bryan 
Davies, @ columnist for @L WORLD, recently told me an 
the phone, that the last MICROFAIR (a trade show cpen 
to the public) he attended, found Sir Clive up on the 
stands demonstrating the little “Z* to attendees, 
That's about it for this issue. Hope to be back 
next issue with more etus#. Until then, you can send 
@ S.A,S.E. to me in Care of TIME DESIGNS, and I'11 
send you some info on a user group starting up here 
in North America. (If you have already sent your 
envelope... will f#fanlly have responded to your 
request by the time you read this--promise!), 
Tim Woods 


THE Z88 UNDER 2 LBS. 


A Computer Without Compromise 


rere | 


ware eee | 


+ Where laptops compromise on display and RAM capacity fo achieve portansity, ad 
desktops ream fo equate price with power, the Z88 ls» personal computer which makes no 
compromises * A CMOS-lechnology computer with tre power fo address 4 Moyles o! 
memory * A computer with » work-trwe display of 8 fines of 80 charactors, an LCD screen 
Which outdetos all others, and # unique dynamic page map on screen * A computer wit 
‘$085-state permanent storage * Acomputer with advanced word-processing. spresdshest 
and ingenious tima- and dats-menagomen! software builtin © & computer which 
‘completery sel-contained, which gives you up fe 20 hours acte computing Krom jus! ¢ AK 
Datiries, yot which tata and listers to your 19M * A computer witha ful-size Keyboard, ino 
package lets thar the size of an 82x11, with a total weight of fess than 2 lbs. © The Z88. A 
‘computer without compcomise 


88 Comousnt Perel SERIAL 10 PARALLEL VF 54399 

PC. 2-88 Uraue 4500 V2 MEG AMA 38805, 

SOK RAM 2395 DATABASE SW 1995 

DEK EPROM Fors (CARAVING CASE v9.95 
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1995 


SSS1NPPING ON 2.08 VISAIMC Accepted inn 3% surcnarge COO charges $2.25 Ieee are By 


SHARP'S, INC. 


lowe 10, Box 450 
Mecnanceyne Va 23109 
(0041 765-1464 


Beginning Z80 Machine Code— 


FINAL LESSON 


by Syd Wyncoop 


This im it folks. I leave it to you to progress 
from here. There are many other instructions I could 
have discussed, such CP (Confuse Programmer), but 
they will be discovered soon enough, without my 


assistance, 

AS @ wrap-up to this series, I present a special 
treat...a full fledged MC program. Additionally, it 
im written to support the many CP/M systems which are 
running on our humble ‘“doorstops*. Those of you 
without CP/M will need to replace all the calls to 
CP/M's BDOS with your awn routines. I have provided 
the necessary PRINTing and INPUTing routines in 
previous lessons. 

As usual, the program is presented as a source 
file, to allow for easy modification by you. The 
"DATA STORAGE* area is where your customization taki 


place. The menus and messages can be changed to suit 
your t. but it is generally best to mble the 
Program prior to making change: 

Next, and most. important, are the printer 


command table: 
printer commands. 


These must be changed to reflect your 
All entries are four bytes long and 


the fourth byte must contain OFFh. Your printer 
manual will provide the necessary entries for thi 
tables. 


As the program is self-explanatory and 
let's get to it! 


Printer Set-Up Procram 


Uritten for CP/M and the Epson FX-206 
by Syd Wyncoop, S & K Enterprises 


fairly 
long, 


Operation: The 
settings by wending the printer 
ittalization code #irst, followed by your selected 
options. A bell will sound to let you know the 
settings have been properly received by the printer. 
The printer must be turned on, or your system may 
hang-up. If it hangs, you need only turn on the 
printer to get things working properly. 


printer is cl 


eed of all prior 
its start-up in- 


In the interest of brevity, there is no docu- 
mentation, save this source. The comments and labels 
should prove to be self-explanatory. All custom- 


{zation im done in the tables and/or program defines, 
prior to assembly. 


There is minimum of error checking. If the 
Program will be used by an inexperienced user or 
ployee, you may wish to trap a few additional 


errors to avoid @ crash. 


Follow the prompts. You may press ENTER at most 
of them to either accept a default value or skip 


Selection...the choice will be obviou 

This program is donated to the CP/M Public 
Domain. Please feel free to modify and use it for 
your own purposes, I hope you find it of ume. In any 
event, Have Fun! 


brageasataeines 


Rev & 


seit fornfeed, your terminal 
Series of linefecds instead 
acli carriage return 

soil escape code 

jentzy to CP/H functions 
jre-entry to CRM COP 


of a tf 


id bi, init_to) 
all fil_prtbt 
call prt_style 
call got_nun 


int buffer with it 


skp_etyle 


may need 


23 


ekp_type 


iett_margin 


Fant_marain 


got_raht 


valid_em 


dflt_rmara 
raarg_ok 


pago_ length 


akp_pert 


rum_lines 


nlinos_ok 


ring_bell 


send_2_prtr 
send_lp 


prt_hoading 


add hl, de for table entry 


entry to print buffer 


dr z,style 
call prt_done? 
dp z,ring bell 


eal) prt_type 
eall got_nus 


i add the offset for table entry 

call fil-prt_bf iand move table entry to print buffer 
in? jprint select again message 
another selection 

‘oxit mesnage 


call prt_heading ;clear screen and print neading 
ging jpoint to left margin prompt 


gall dec_inpt, ot a decimal nunber 
1d (lafe-aarg),a :load new value into table entry 
Ad bi, lmarg_tbi Left margin table entry 


call f1l_prt_bf jand move it to the print buffer 
14 do. x_mare, 
Ad ¢,9 

1'bdow 
call dec_inpt 
dfit_rearg 
(left_marn) 


Ing ipoint to right margin proapt 
print strings function 
Fiat right margin prompt 


nimum margin error check 
a right value > left value? 
eccept valid entry 

rint error message 
another input 


° 
¢,valid_re 


(ight_narg). = 
Ad bi, raarg_tbl 


st right margin table entry 
call fil_prt_bf 


J move it to the print buffer 


print p 
Kot a ds 
accopt default value of 66 lines 
store value in table 

get page length table entry 

and move it into the print buffer 


1d do, akip_perf? ;point to skip perforation proept 


14 c.f print strings function 

all bdos print skip perforation prompt 
call get_yn go get response 

Je nz, ring_boll jexit if no 

14 de,ekp_alines jelze, point to # of lines proapt 
1d 0,9 Print strings function 

call bdos ask how many lines to skip 


call decinpt 
ok 


ta decimal number 

skip ahead w/valid entry 

jelso, sev defaule at 6 

jatore value in table entry 

iget ekip lines table entry 

jand move it foto the print buffer 


Ad (skp_nling) 
Ad hl, skip_tbl 
call fil_prt_b¢ 


Ad hi, betl_tb? 
call fi1_pre_bt 
2¢ (hl) BFF 


hi, prt_butter 


tore a fev bell rings 
the print buffer 
tly, store a terminating byte 


t the start of the print buffer 
‘and check each byte 
‘we found the I 
At loop 
send it to the printer 
list output function 
ve our pointer first 


at byte yeu? 


cleared and nenu headi 


printed in preparation for the 


‘the tion Pp 

1d de,heading ;initielize pointer for CPi 
1d 0,0 print string’ function 

Jp bdos go do it 


Print Style Henu 


‘inputs 


svutputs: Print style 


ection panel 1s sent to CRT 


prt_strle call prt_heading 


clear CRT and print heading 
tyle_menu 


Initialize poin'ar for CPH 
print strings 1 .stton 
go do it 


Print Type Menu 


sOutputarPrint type selection pane) te sent to CRT 


Drt_type call prt_heading ;clear CRT and print heading 
1d de,type_menu jinitielize pointer for CPM. 
16 0,8 print strings function 
Jp bdos ao do it 


Print Another Selection? 


jOutputs:Print enother selection mes: 


prt. 


an? Ad de,ancthor? jinitialize pointer for CPH 
ldo,9 
call’ bdos 
Jp aot_yn jget response 


Direct Keyboard 1/0 


Inputs: none 


jOutputs:A + carriage return, or capitel ascii key pressed 


airect_to 1d c,3 ieonsole input function 
call bdon 
rarsey jenaure ie capital w/o destoying CR 
ret 


Console 


nuperic keyboard 


try - 1x 4, of # carriage return 


Bo = numeric keyboard entry - 1 x 4. if valid entry 
CARRY = set if carriage return pressed 

Ido, jeonsole inpat function 

call bdos 

ep er icheck for default requeat 

Jr zicr_only — jreturn if found 


call numeric? jtest for valid digit 
Anpt end reject 1f not 
jremove ascii bia 
ireject O entry 
jmultiply by 4 


sand convert to 16 bits 


Print Done You? 


yback-up the curtor one space 


Toputs iprint a character function 


Outputs: Print are we done enquiry 


Jr got_oum igo get a good digit 
prt_done? 1d do,done_yet? jinitialize pointer for CPH ae Ain 
iprint strings function at iapasonyec8 pressed: 


Nuserie Input? 


[Inputs:Hl = address of the teble entry to be moved to print buffer iOutputs: CARRY = reset, 1f is valid numeric input 
: i 2 nunber 

Outputs! none 2 

‘ numeric? op ‘3° 


f4l_prt_pe ox deshb imove pointer to DE 
1d hl. (buf_ptr) jretrieve print buffer pointer 
£421_loop 1d a, (de) t byte to pat in print buffer 
1d check for terminating byte 
At loop if found 
se, move it to print buffer 
jand adjuet pointers 


etc 


Sr t111_loop — stay 4n loop until done 


end_finl 14 (but_ptr).hl istore print butter pointer for next move 
ret 


pumeric number in the range @-255 (DE mod 256) 
Da numeric number in the range 0-099 
CARRY = wet 1f CR in used for dofaults 


Get Y/# Respos deo_inpt 1d AL. snpt_bufr jeet-up input butter 

1d (niy,3 for 3 digits maxiaun 
Ane hi advance pointer 
ia (an.e aod clear digit counter 

f yes or Af cr ine hl advance pointer 

Af no 1d b,06h et counter 
Nir gaseadessh sale y in: tesbeaae elr_bt_ip 14 AD) or end profit buffer with CB's 
aye ri 
ia boats weet $uag : dinz cly_bf_ip 
cp was it a cr? i 


1d de,inpt_butr ;point to buffer, which is now ready for 
2 1d o,8an sad console buffer until CR function 
op i gall’ bdoe jo got input 
JF nEsgetyn 1d a, (bufr_cnt) jget # of digits received 
anda anda did we get any digits? 
pre BS phan: Wearuoe vardasanger. F Sr neronly — jif not, assume default values 
ye yore dindicate yes or or 1@ h1,real_butr jelee, get pointer to buffer contents 
ret 1d de,00¢¢h —jenaure @ result 
1d_b,0oh for later use 
deo_2_bin push hl 


1d a, (m1) 
call numeric? 
JF c,error_dec 


sub ‘3° 


he use 
oe 


eG 5 e Me YA eda blshl 
SK 7 add hl.de 
add hi.be 

RE ox do.hi 


14 bh, bufr_ont 
dec thi) 
¥e-2000 Ur-vain pop Al 


AgL7 BCRATHORD AVI. FP ON cases atrheve, digi 
PANAMA CITY, FL 9a104 


ine hi o, adjuse pointer 
18.2008 vR-DAI tm a Ly pub Lost tan davotai tw Sr éec_2bin and convert next digit 
neo of the tien 15 Wok tha “Dios : 
Pete Eymeans “ore the: 5-200 are dieouneed fn detatl tn and_doo 1d a0 spat number in Aas we expect 0-255 
spastan fRonvnt wuvaortpeion 1 912,00 par ret 


Yeer of ove 


error_dec call prt_errmsg ;print the error message 
Tr deowtnpt G0 Ket good input 
prt_errasg 1d de,error_msg ;rotrieve string pointer 
1d ¢,0 print string’ function 
cai béos go do it 
re 


heading 


style_nenu 


"<> Elarged’ 

'£.'<6> Condensed" 

£,°<7> Bud-soript’ 
<8> Super-soript’ 


lect desired print style:8* 


or.it.it 

er, 1f,1f,'<1> Emphastzed' 

or, 1f,1£,'<2> Double-strike’ 

or, 1t,1f,"<3> Under-Lined* 

ox, 1f,1f,12 

"Please select desired print type: 


cr.1f,2f,1f,'Preos ENTER for defaults in ()° 
or, 1f,1f,1f, Select left margin (0):9° 


or, if,1f,"Select right margin (82):9' 
def or,1f,1f,'Select # of lines/page (66) 


def or.1f.1f 
defh ‘Do you wish to skip-over-perforations? (Y):9! 


F.marg_ing 


Pelen_ing 


‘akip_pert? 


ekp_nlines def or. 1,1 


defb * How wany lines are to be skipped? (6) 


ded or,1f,1f,"Hake another 


ection? <¥/e" 
defb cr,if.1f,‘Is Get-up complete yet? <¥/i>s’ 
def ff,1f,1f,1f,1f,2f,12,1f,1f,1f 

im ALL Donet’ 
defb 1f,1f,14,1f,1f,12,1f,1f,1£,1f,bell, "8" 
dof cr.if.1f,’ Invalid input, pli 


je try gains’ 


those are the printer command tables, all entries are assumed to be 
hres bytes long, with a terainating byte, OFFh. 


style_tb} 
iElite 
te 
type_tb defd osc, 
defd esc. 
detb exc. '=") 
inare_tb) det esc, "1 pLeft margin 
loft_sere detb Och. e7Fh 
rnarg_tb) dat esc, °Q° iRight margin 
raht_oere doth 50h. oFFh 
pilen_tbl detd onc, 'C* sth 
pege_ien doth 42n,0FFR 
skip_tb) dot esc. 'N* {Skip-over-pertoration 
skp_pline dof> G6h,OFFh 
bell_tbh defb dell,bell iSound the alarat 
defb bell OFFh 
init_tbl iClear Printer Initialization 


ja few extra’s for your us 


inpt_batr dof 03h 
dufracnt ay 
ah ibarr D or.er,cr,cr,or.cr ia tow extre for sefety 


his is the reserved ares for the output buffer 


dofw prt_bufter pAntialize to firet byte 
defd OFFH,OFFh.OFFh.OYFh jintialize buffer contents 
doth GFFh. OFFh.@FFh.OFFh 

defb OFFh, OFFh, OFFn.CFFh 

defd QFFh, OFFh, OPH. OFFH 

doth OFFh, 2FFh, OFFh, Orn 

dof OFFh, OFFn, OFTh. OFT 

dof OFFh, OFFh.OFFn,OFFS 


def OFFh,OFTh,OFFh, OFFr 
deft OF¥n,OFFh, OFFh.OFFh 
dof OFFH,OFFn,OFFN.OFM 
deft OFFh,OFFh, OFFh.OTFh 
deft OFFh,OFFb,OFFa,OFFh 


ond 


T/S 1000/ZX81 


oom ()P-AMP DESIGN 


Mike McGlinchy 


This program is a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) 
program to ist the user in designing 741 type in- 
ternally compensated operational amplifiers. It will 
run on @ 2X81/TS1000 or TSiS00. 

After keying {n and running the program, you must 
specify the following six parameters: 

1. Typet inverting, non-inverting or differential 

2. Frequency 

3. Voltage Gain 

4. Input Voltage(s) 

5. Supply voltages (VCC@VEE) 

6. RIsinput resistor 


The computer will then calculate and list the 
following: 

Vout 

Bandwidth 

Output Impedance 

Feedback Resistance 

RS 

Phase Angle 

Input Impedance 


After the listing {s complete, you can view the 
Schematic diagram, This program is capable of handling 
the three basic op-amp configurations (i.e, inverting, 
non-inverting, and differential mode). Since this 
program is based on the popular 741 type op-amp, the 
following nominal values are given: 

Gain Bandwidth Product =GBP=i, 000,000 

Ri=Input Resistance=1,000, 000. 

RowOutput Resistances75s. 


Also, the -3dB Bandwidth 1 


but 


not really -346B 


in the ideal OdB. Above the bandwidth the rate of 
Closure {tm -206B per decade. If the op-anp’s cutput 
voltage is calculated to be greater than the supply 
voltages, then VOUT willaVCCeVEE and a ‘clip® will 


25 


Sei yee TSE Abbe?) Ft ne SHES SSEUB “3S 
CRAM s. 0 
INVERTING = aide ReTuen $188 FOR A:3'TD a7 ste 2 
HERTZ 2139 FRINT AT 10.0. °RF.. eae 3178 LET 821s 
ce bag oft Has #5e°8. 82, 
2 JBN 18 STEP 
VOLTS Sige PRINT AT 11.9. "RS : $185 LET 6231 sae 
uel ss Be ae ET as $159 o3uB S090 
2158 RETURN 4195 FOR A=G TO 17 STEP 2 
OHS 2180 PRINT AT 5,0. "UCC evEs.. $202 LET 8232 
VOLTS Yoo. TRB as; volts $295 S0Sue S000 
HEATZ 2168’ RETURN 4210 BLOT 19,31 
OHMS’ 3009 LET ADL acer FRED sei8 PLOT 20/31 
gang 2905 Gosue_Zo00 $258 GeoT 2257 
ont 3018 IF Ts3 ANG AV. saOL THEN 4225 PLOT 22.31 
$00.9 iS DOuTsiva-U2s any. 4239 FOR 8:26 To so 
Pi 64. 28941 DEGREES 2080 Te AND AYDAOL THEN LE~ 4293 GET Asai 
ZINGs sees 09909.09 OHMS Sera Tyardds seRoe $249 GOSUE 3500 
30eS_IF Ti AND AUC eADL THEN = sees cee B27 1O 3¢ STEP 2 
ENTER: 0 TO SEE SCHEMATIC 395 BND AULROL THEN Le $825 SOSus sooo 
OSUT soins sal é 4260 FOR Asz3 To 33 STEP 
ENTER O UF YOU WANT TO SEE THE L 3038 SEN Eta AND. AU <sA0L ‘THEN 4268 LET 5252 BIER 2 
ervey ing HB SUE Hee, 
304: Be AND AYA N eT by 
10000 = 1020000 COU AUENgABL ND AY?ROL THEN -€ $239 LET Aaos : : 
3045 IF Tl OR T\2 THEN GOTO ies $285 SOSUE 9500 
aa 5 $290 IF Te) THEN PRINT AT 7 O;r 
.e02 © - SOSO IF _T=3 AND v2rva AND ABS VO 4295 FOR B20 To 31 - 
eocties eck rhen Cer Ueuyiee $300 TF T=3 THEN PRINT AT 2,0;/ 
3982 IF T23 AND U2iy2 AND ABS UO Onesie oa. 
UTOVCS THEN LET VouTa-YCc 2905 IF T=3 THEN PRINT AT 15.0 
ROSE CET SueRES 1cBe 34) es : 
306 TF T=3 THEN GOTO 3065 $992 IF T22 THEN parnT ar 7.0, 
-.01 gos? IF T2 AND (WENRAOL) yer 6908 IF $33 THEN PRINT AT 3,0 
VOLT (S) EN LET vouT succ OgT IS) ‘ 
30SS_IF 722 BNO {VINGAY) DUCE THE SB2S FE.Tso THEN PRINT AT 26,0 
SOEO_IF Tel AND (VINER) >UOD THE 4225 PRINT AT 2,12: RF 
x ter GouTs-ces eee: $320 PRINT AT 3. ioRE 
206i Te Tal ANG (wINeRoL) Yer 74 $322 BaINT Ar 12,4 As ' 
EN LET vouT=-uCc ee IF T=1 THEN PRINT AT BaF 
S085 IF Tal OR Teo THEN LET Fy 5 1 
RSLEeCisa(eaTN (PREQ Bu) 457.355 THEN PRINT AT 7,9; 
- 3070 IF Ts2 THEN LET PM ANGLE THEN PRINT AT a5 0! 
5 Beir oeT Shoo tearee Tye ori TFT e1 Se tab FAEN GOTO 207 4345 IF Tez THEN PRINT AT 16.0 
ETING , 2=NON-INVERTING, 35 s es CLT +50" 
7 3072 IF T23 AND vie0 THEN LET =4 $250 If T=2 THEN GoTo sa2s 
INPUT T ANGLE S-ATN epee eu) 887. 2987e5. 4355S If Ts3 THEN GOTO 3258 
ey 4560 REM INVERTING GROUND (+50! 
BOEUG 2002 | eaten pees THEN LET Ree iAY- 4365 FOR B10 TO 20 
ERINT BT 3.0. < - $378 LET ASS 
INPUT _FREO OR Ts3 THEN LET AFR 4375 GOSUB 9500 
LET GaP aiSog090 é, 7 $380 FOR AS TO 10 
LET Riz1e2d000 THEN LET ZINeRi+ RE 4385 LET 8:9 
Cer RO=75 . _ 4398 GOSUB Gogo 
ee tue baee ee THEN LET ZINeASS 12 233 tee ate TO 9 
PRINT “ENTER AY” TREN LET ZINs@#Ri- © 4405 Gosue) 2280 
TNBUT QU S438 BLOT ey 
G05uUB GR Ts2 THEN GOTO 310 a4is Goro i385 
If Ta2 4420 REM NON, INU. GND. (-SIDE 
. If 123 AND U2=0 THEN LET zz 4425 FOR 6-87 TO ot 
If Ts (RF) 71 sROL) 4430 LET Aad 
If Te IF T23 AND V1s@ THEN LET Zr 4435 GOSUB 9500 
33 IF Te TeRFIS (ti sesAOL) sRaN) oR Es $450 FOR A.8-TO a0 
pee 1+SeA0L) RI) 4443 LET B26 
i0e0 If T=. LET _ZOUT=RO/ (14Bs40L) 4450 GOSUB S800 
$08 IF Te Tf T2i OR Ted THEN LET 2S=) S388 FOR As? TO 9 
210 IF Tx: 2) 7 (RF +R I) 4460 LET B24 
215 6RINT IF Ts3 THEN LET RSsR1 4465 COSUB 9000 
328 input Gosus 2080 2370 BLOT o-e2 
125 cosue Tf T=3 THEN Gosus 3135 4425 GoTo 4525 
130 PRINT TF Ts} OR Tez THEN GOSuUs 21 $480 REM CIFFERENTIAL 
: * 4485 FOR Bs8 TO 13 
235 INPUT GQSUB 2:60 $490 LET Asai 
230 GosuB 7 ” G2SUE 2830 4495 GOSUB 9500 
245 ERINT AT 6,0, "“EnTer RI G3U8 £539 4503 FOR As22 To o4 STEP 2 
T§0 INPUT 4 GOSUB 2065 4505 LET 8:3 
3 GRP 383° EEE Ei ths coro aan HEHE PERE goPe, 
2 age iF Ts: o pe * or 
ag WUT Mpegs &7 Este site ' et 
$988, 10 F550 Saye gr 8-3 OF eat es $538 EE g:22 "°° 
= ig : 
a IF Ts3 THEN PRINT AT 3.90 REM - GRAPHICS 4342 GOSUB 9000 
Bods’ eet 10 JPFERENT IA cs 4525 FOR As34 TO 36 
BcrHagr ST oAuRecEAERS oes a HEE EELE Soo 
Ses ed tDat MERE BEEBE. oe HE RSS? o 
SOA Tee GST Jotegeer sens Bee DIB TO 88 4508 GET Oat. 
aosa 5 BS pour aves THEN PRINT NEXT © $590 PRINT AT 16,13, RF 
Bb 4g abe Skt NEXT On v0 09 4538 PRINT AT 0.0; “ENTER @ IF 0 
Cie ayer ee "ZING oe . pear earg. TO 20 STEP -2 
2065 SRINT AT 21,0; "ENTER O NEXT a’ 
EE Scnenaric™ NEXT 8 
2050 INPUT S. PLOT 34,20 4 
O58 IF 320 THEN GOTO 3955 pror 35°30 
agee 3T PLOT 36,e0 
age BLOT 37.20 
a850"4 Pop esti "ro 23 EF TH Og Te theN Gesus 2, 
. = ue a 
ee 3A Bhat; 3940: MEH ANGLE +. oe PRINT AT 42. ao: YOUT 
2e77 RETURN BRINT AT 42.29. "YOLT (3) 2160 
3830 PRINT AT 3,0)" 7 VOUT ZUCe THEN PRINT 2383 
eo fne bs HBarsee’ ue BF*fa tao" LIPPED" 2030 
OPSRe! es ingere ea *etee 55750 Bay 
2085 RETURN $105 PRINT 2085 
BC90 PRI oe oe @ 4110 PLOT 2. 2140 
oa S215 earn’ THEN GoTO 4635 
aogs a a $120 FOR Axel TO 23 2150 
ace. a = $225 LET 6325 oo7e 
ode 4239 Gosus saeo 2 
: 38 a vy 4135 FOR Asi9 TO 23 4835 CLS. 
25 ba $140 LET Bris 9000 PLOT A,B 
Pest £145 COsuB S000 S008 NEYT A 
2120 FRINT_AT 3,9; "UIN a 4150 FOR Asi TO 13 STEP 2 3828 RETURN 
WIN. TRE 22. "vaLTS" 9508 NEXT 8’ 
2125 RETURN 26 $S19 RETURN 


Hatch “four Oem... 


if 


MICKE T-MOUSE GRAPHIC 
LSS 


by Fred Nachbaur, D.1H.W.LT. 


1711 start this article with a little T/S soap-boxing. Perhaps I should add the disclaimer that 
these are my views, not necessarily those of this magazine (or anyone else, for that matter). 


Recent times have seen a lot of attention to video digitizing; converting an image from a video 
signal or from hardcopy, into an image in computer RAM, which can then be displayed on the CRI 
screen. This results in realistic images ONLY if you happen to have a color Mac or an Amiga, 
with their ultra-high resolution, huge color palette, and correspondingly humungous RAM. 


However, when using the Timexes and Sinclairs (even the 2068 and QL), this has always struck me 
asa case of the ¢ wagging the dog. Even the best images that result are grainy, with 
vorealistic colors. In short, *Mickey-Mouse.” 


The situation gets even worse when converting such images back to hardcopy. When using a 
printer, even the finest software gives only rather primitive grey-scales. Color plotters might 
seem to be an improvement at first glance, but with their palette of (ty ally) four colors, 
the pictures that result are usually little more than interesting curiosities. 


What has always fascinated me about the computer is its capability to GENERATE graphic images. 
What does a computer do best? Compute! I.e., crunch numbers, slavishly running coaplex 
mathematical formulas and displaying the results in graphical form. From this viewpoint, the 
only difference between the 2X81 and the Cray II is speed of execution. (Well, ok, There may be 
one or two other, albeit minor, differences.) To paraphrase an ancient philosopher, “Give unto 
VCR’s that which is video, and to computers that which computes.* 


It is entirely thanks to the computer that awhole new geometry has emerged; the ‘fractal* 
geometry discovered and pioneered by Benoit Mandelbrot and friends, and explored by countless 
amateur computerists, Fractals are not the only “interface” between mathematics and art; the 
side-panels accompanying this article, showing how a mouse hatches from an egg, was done with 
Fourier analysis, a mathematical procedure two centuries old. Want more? How about wire-frame 
graphics of geometric shapes, “wallpaper algorithms, “Navajo rugs,” spirograms, and on and on. 


Very well mow that your computer has taken some nifty algorithm and transformed it into a 
breath-taking display, how do you save it for posterity? Sure, you can save screens and recall 
them later, but what if you want faithful hardcopy? As mentioned earlier, ordinary printers work 
fine with monochrome images and line-drawings. Inexpensive color printers or plotters do a 
little better, since they can print in red, green and blue in addition to black. Such images 
still fall far short of the color capability of the QL, TS2068, or TS1000 with Oliger TI video. 
Darn. Guess we’1l just have to go out and buy a $2000 color laser printer. WRONG!!! 


Super-CHEAP Super —GRAPHICS 


Timexers have become renowned for finding simple solutions to hairy problems. Is there an 
inexpensive way of getting faithful hardcopy of even the most complex color screens? Going 
further, is there any way of getting color hardcopy from a completely stock TS1000 with its 
black-and-white TV? The answer to both questions is YES. Would you believe that the first is 
possible with hardware you probably already own, no additional software, at a cost for supplies 
under 50 cents per copy? Or that breath-taking color from a 2x81 takes just a liltle more 
software savuy, patience, and experience? 


The solution lies in something that might seem pretty “Mickey-Mouse’ at first, but is really 
very elegant and simple. We’re going to take a look at an ‘ancient technology, going way back 
to a certain Mesr. Daguerre. That’s right; ordinary, everyday photography. Many people are under 
the delusion that taking a picture of a CRT screen is impossible, or at best, very difficult. In 
actual fact, it’s barely more involved than taking a snapshot of your fishing buddy proudly 
displaying his prize minnow. 


* Dabbler In Many Weird, Interesting Technolegies 


27 


THE POLAROID APPROACH 


1 have seen acceptable snapshots done with some of the newer Polaroid or Kodak ‘instant 
cameras." These have the advantage of providing hardcopy within seconds of taking the snap. 
However, there are a few problems associated with these that make them less than ideal, assuming 
that you don’t need the “instant” feature, 


One problem has to do with parallax. At the close range that is required, these and other 
“viewfinder® cameras will displace the image because of the distance between the viewfinder and 
the ‘taking* lens. Another problem is that the user seldom has full control over exposure time 
and lens aperture, Further insight into this may come when you read the following section, 
Lastly, your acquired picture is the only one of its Kind. There is no cheap way of making dupes 
and enlargements, or correcting minor exposure or framing errors. 


THE VERSATILE SLR 


I’ve found the SLR (single-lens reflex) 35 mm. camera to be the best tool for taking photos of 
computer-generated images. Even a cheap, used, off-brand model will be fine for the task at 
hand. Since focusing and framing is done via the same tens as is used for taking the actual 
picture, there is never a parallax problem. Furthermore, you generally have full contol over 
exposure time (shutter speed? and aperture, the two main variables determining your final 
picture. 


4 tripod is very helpful, almost essential. You CAN do without it, by bracing your camera atop a 
stack of books or other props, but a decent tripod makes it SO much easier and less frustrating. 


SHUTTER SPEED 


The reason that a tripod is needed, is because acceptable pictures are only produced at slow 
shutter speeds. Consider that a TV or monitor screen is basically a serial device, scanning 2 
complete picture in 1/60th of a second. If shutter speed is less than 1/60, then only a portion 
of the screen will actually expose the film. Also, actual shutter speed at 1/60th will rarely be 
EXACTLY the same as the vertical interval of your computer, nor will it be in *sync*. The result 
can be narrow bands of darkness (not exposed), of brightness (partially double-exposed), Since 
most SLR’S have a “focal-plane* shutter, they will also tend to introduce diagonal bars or 
*tears* in your picture if the timing isn’t perfect. Shooting at 1/30th reduces both effects, 
and shooting at 1/15 virtually eliminates them, However, to be completely safe, you might 
consider shooting at 1/4 sec. This corresponds to an exposure of 15 frames; one partial exposure 
out of 15 full ones will never be noticed. 


APERTURE 


The other contro) that varies the amount of light that reaches the film is the lens aperture 
setting. There are basically two ways of setting this; by using a light-meter, and by trial and 
error. If you use a light meter, fill your screen with a representative image, to get a 
reasonable starting point. 


WARNING TO ADVANCED SHUTTER-BUGS: Even though your CRT is actually emitting light, DON’T use an 
incident light meter. Use your good old reflected light meter. The reason is that the CRT 
behaves photographically AS THOUGH it were reflecting light from an external source. 


Tf you use the trial-and-error approach, shoot a test rojl at various apertures, at both 1/8 and 
1715 second shutter speeds. Fill the screen with a representative image, containing 
approximately equal areas of all colors. When the roll comes back, look at the NEGATIVES to find 
the one(s) that have the best exposure. HINT: use a B&W film of the same speed as your proposed 
color film, and “develop only® to keep costs dow. 


Whether you use your light meter, or the trial-and-error approach, don’t go whole-hog on your 
first session. Have your first run of pictures developed first. You can thereby inspect the 
negatives to make any necessary corrections. One reason is that some films exhibit ‘reciprocity 
effect® at long exposure times, making light meter readings less accurate. Another is that the 
garden-variety *averaging® meter may not give a true reading with the photographically *unusual* 
subject matter. 


28 


Adjust your contrast and brightness as well as th 
controls to give the clearest picture possible. ¢ lower 
“prightness® than usual will generally give superior 
photos, At the other end, extremely dim screens will 
typically have a bright ‘edge’ or ‘flare* at the 
juncture of different colors, If you have a video 
peaking control, adjust it to give a sharp image without 
flares. Mark the optimum settings with a Jiffy-marker, 
to make your setup easy to duplicate next time. Unless 
you're experimenting with special effects (as below), be 
wary of changing your monitor settings during a photo 
session. 


color 


I found that when using my 13% Sakata color monitor with 
the @L, and shooting on 200 ASA Fuji film, my optimum 
setting was #11 at 1/15 sec., and #16 at 1/8 second. The 
pictures shot at 1/15 were indistinguishable from 1/8 
second, using an older-medel Canon SLR. 


If you have several monitors, use your best one for your 
photo sessions. Look at color saturation, sharpness, and 
geometry (are rectangles truly rectangular? Are circles 
circular?). 


LIGHTS OUT! 


This is important. If you ignore this, you’l} be sorry 
when you get your prints back. When taking your picture, 
the room should be completely darkened. The ONLY Tight 
source should be your monitor. The reason is that any 


Tight in the room will cause reflections from the front 
glass of the monitor. ‘anti-reflective coatings or 
glass will NOT eliminate this effect! You may not even 


notice it while taking the picture; the eye (brain) is 
remarkably adept at tuning out such noise.” The camera, 
however, is adamantly unforgiving. 


Other advantages to ‘lights out* are that blacks will 
truly be black, and that the frame of the monitor will 
usually not show. If it does, consider painting it black 


(or covering with black camera tape) before further 
experiments. 
This next admonition may sound silly to advanced 


shutter-bugs, but you'd be surprised at how many people 
will make this errors using an electronic flash. 
Pictures taken with a flash will only be pictures of a 
blank white screen. Remember, the video display is a 
Vight SOURCE. 1t does NOT operate by reflecting incident 
light. Using a flash will completely wash it out. 


FRAMING 


As mentioned earlier, using an SLR will allow you to 
exactly frame your picture. Take the time to frame your 
screen properly. Not only should the TV screen be 
centered in your viewfinder, but it should also be free 
of distortion because of an improper viewing angle. Pay 
close attention to the top and bottom; if the top is 
wider than the bottom you’!l have to physically lower 
the camera, and vice versa. Same goes for left-right 
alignment. Stand back from your setup as another check; 
the plane of the TY screen should be exactly 
perpendicular to the camera lens’ line of sight. (Now do 
you see why I recommend using a tripod?) 


Finally, don’t fill the entire viewfinder frame, Most 
cameras (the inexpensive ones, anyway) don’t have an 
exact correlation between the borders of the viewscreen, 
and the actual edge of the film image. Furthermore, in 
process of printing, a little bit of the image Is always 
lost around the edges. Keep the TV screen image in an 
area about 90% of the full viewscreen, and you should be 
alright. 


29 


Advanced Topics 


If you're a more advanced photographic enthustast 
(perhaps even a professional), there is really no limit 
to the magic you can do with your computer and camera. 
1711 touch on some ideas for you to experiment with. 


MULTIPLE EXPOSURES 


If your camera allows double or multiple exposures, and 
if you have at least some software expertise, you can 
have yourself a field day. 


Hees about unlimited colors? One way to do this is by 
using your TINT contro! to give colors not ‘normal® for 
your machines e.g. browns, fleshtones, violet, etc. The 
reason I mention software expertise is that you’l) have 


to figure out some way of ‘filtering all but the 
desired color(s), leaving the rest black, Make an 
exposure of these, then reprint the screen with your 


*alternate* colors, adjusting TINT to give the desired 
effect. Make the second exposure. Continue as far as 
practical, or you have patience for. 


At the beginning of this article J promised a way of 
displaying full-color images from a stock 2X81, using an 
ordinary white-screen TV set. Again, multiple exposures 
can be used to display as many colors as you like. This 
time, however, you'll need a set of optical filters of 
the desired colors, as well as the ability to do 
‘software filters’ to display only the material of each 
color, for each exposure. Ordinary colored cellophane 
actually works surprisingly well. If you’re in a larger 
city that has a motion-picture supply house, try to get 
a booklet (usually free) of “sample” lighting filters, 
as supplied by Lee and other companies. 


When using optical Filters, you'll also nave to know the 
filter factor’ for each color filter used. If not 
given, you can get an approximation by using your light 
meter; point the camera at a blank white wall, and note 
the f-stop reading, Put the filter in front of the lens, 
and determine by how many stops the light has been 
decreased by the filter, This will typically be between 
1/2 and 2 f-stops. Use this data to compensate your 
aperture opening during exposure. 


Let’s say you want to do a color picture of a 
particularly neat fractal. Plot only those points 
then shoot it with the 


corresponding to each color, 
appropriate filter. Continue to your heart’s content. In 
principle, especially if you are doing the picture in 
WRXI6 hi-res, you can come up with pictures that look as 
if they were done on a Mac. 


then doing ultiple exposures, a GOOD tripod is 
absolutely essential. So is a bulb or cable release. The 
SLIGHTEST movement will throw your picture out of 
registration, and thus betray your “secret.® 

Another factor that affects registration Is electronic 
in nature. Especially at high brightness, the 
distribution of light and dark on a CRT can affect the 
width Cand sometimes even the height? of the displayed 
image. This is called blooming.’ Reduce blooming to a 
minimum by using the lowest brightness that will give an 
acceptable picture. 


Many cameras, especially the more modern ones, are 
extensively interlocked against accidental multiple 
exposures. Fine for the ordinary snap-shooter, but a 


real bane for advanced amateurs and beyond. Sone cameras 
can be *tricked® into multiple exposures by holding the 
rewind release button while advancing the film. I say 
"sane." because while many will allow this, they may not 


keep perfect registration. The only way to find out if 
your camera holds the film securely enough during this 
operation, is to experiment, 


This next suggestion might curl the toe-nails of pro’s 
and semi-pro’s, but don’t write it off as “just one of 
ol’ Fred’s ravings.” Remember the Argus C-3? These were 
made by the millions in the “50’s, and are still giving 
camera reviewers #lashback nightmares. However, it is 
IDEAL for playing around with computer photography, Uhy? 
Let me count the ways. It can be picked up CHEAP at any 
photographic junk shop. It uses readily available 35mm 
4ilm. It has a between-the-lens leaf shutter, causing 
much less trouble with video images than do focal-plane 
shutters. It are almost too easy to double-expose. Its 
blocky shape is a boon 1 you don’t have a tripod, and 
rely on a stack of bricks to Keep your act together. 
Focusing is easy with its split-1mage rangefinder. The 


only thing you’ll really have to worry about, is 
parallax. However, this won’t take you long to 
compensate, with a little experimentation, 

SELECTIVE DEFOCUSING 

Getting back to our friend, the SLR, there is another 


trick you can use to actually IMPROVE the image you see 
on the TV, especially with color monitors. Since these 
have discrete dots making up the plane of the display, 
the photos that result can have an obviously grainy 
"video" look. 


Most SLR’s automatically open the aperture all the way 
during set-up and focusing, both to allow for maximum 
brightness and to narrow the depth-of-field to make 
focusing easier. However, all but the cheapest ones have 
a way to override this, so you can view your scene at 
the actual aperture selected. You can use this feature 
to slightly de-focus your image, causing the discrete 
phosphor dots on the CRT to blend together. 


AT SILICON MOUNTAIN, 


You'll have toa use judgement, and the wisdan of 
experience, to determine how much defocusing is ideal. 
Not enough, and you stil} have the gram. Too much, and 
you lose resolution, making the picture ook obviously 
out of focus. Done right, hcwever, it will be difficult 
to tell that the resulting photos were shot from a TV or 
monitor screen, 


A PARTING SHOT.... 


1/11 Jeave you with a little anecdote, Shortly after the 
2X81 came out, | worked up my first "big" program. The 
782040 was not yet available, and 1 refused to buy that 
awful "2X" printer. Guess hew 1 generated program 
listings, and screen dumps for my documentation? That’s 
right, I used my trusty rusty SLR to shoot each screen, 
then had the film contact-printed. Early purchasers of 
my original FOURIER package (the predecessor to the 
program that did the side-panels shown here) may still 
be wondering to this day, how I got those clean, sharp 
“mini screen-dumps* back in those bad old days. Well now 
you Know. 


The circle i¢ complete. From a stop-gap measure because 
suitable printers didn’t exist, to high-res color 
fractals, good old conventional photography STILL has 
Little competition if you want striking color hardcopy 
of your graphic computer displays. Especially if you 
consider the cost! 


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PLAYING WITH ELECTRICITY 


oes | al 
sk | 
——— 


Tucked away inn description of tho QL hardwaro in the 
Technical Guide is wention of the fact that bit 7 of the 
Display Control Register “con be used to switch the base of 
screon momory from $2000 to $26000". H=ms, interesting 1 


thought and vont: on to more pressing concerns. 
I wont back to investigate the dual screen 
There iz n discussion & progra 
“QL. Advanced User 

First a 


Recently, 
display. 
Adrian Dickens 
real; but flawed 
Bap. 


dealing with it in 
Guide". The news is it is 
quick overview of the QL memory 


USE 


256K © BAAD Top of On Board RAM 
192K 82830000 Top of Screen} 
Top of Commoa Heap 
Base of Common Heap 
20028488 Top of Sys_Var 
188K — BBB28900 System Variables & Base of Screen! 
0027FFF Top of Screen® 
126k = Bea20000 Bage of Screen@ 


The insedinto problem with the second Screen is the fact 
that the System Variables are locked into $28000 which is the 
base of Screen}. This means that if you simply flick the bit 
which controls the base of the display, you will get a bunch 
of derbage on the top of your screon. The garbage is tho 
video reprosentation of the System Variables. 


You can tako a lock at this effect with the following 
short Superbasic Procedure. 


100 RiMark switch in Screen 2 

118 = 

12@ DKFine PROCedure SWITCH 

13@ 0 SV_MCSTA=163002 : REMark $20034 

135 DC_REG =964@3_ : RKMark $19063 

148: DCR_STATUS=PEEK(SV_MCSTA) 

188 DCR_STATUS=DCR_STATUS *~ 128: REMark toggle bit 7 
168° POKE SV_NCSTA, DCR_STATUS REMark tell Sys_Var 


176 TORR DC_REG, DCR_ STATUS REWork tell hardvare 
188 END DEFine SWITCH 
190 


This in interesting, but useloss 
display, one has to be @ little trickier. One of the neat 
things sbout the QL is that QD0S is extensible. In 
particular, one can link in tasks for the QL to porforw after 
ench interrupt. There is a Level 2 Interrupt (called 8 Frene 
Interrupt) on the QL every 1/68 second; which is related to 
the Vertical Sync signal. 

What we neod to do is Link in a short Task which cheoke 
what screon we are displaying; then if ve are displaying 
Soreend, do nothing, while if we are displaying Screeni, wait, 
until the display has panned the 5K or so of System Variables 
then switch in Sereent. 

The assembly languate code to do this is listed below 
in the file DunlSer_asm, Onco you have this oode installed, 
you will run into the next problem. There is no support in 
QDOS for writing to Screent. It is evident that in the 
development. of the QL, this was a matter of gone debate, 
because in the SCR/CON Channel Definition Block (CD_B1k), 
there in an entry (SD_SCKB) Bane address of soremn. The 
unfortunate fact is that the SCR/CON device driver does not 
use this voriable. Instead tho base addross ($20000) is 
hardeoded inte the drivor. This was no doubt done in concert 
with the decision to tie the System Variables at $20000. 

4s the QL is at present, if the driver did use the 
€D_BLk variable, clearing the screen would erase all the 
System Variables; no it is just as well that it is not 
ieplemented ! 

What's to do? It ceomed to mo that tho simplest method 
to use would be to simply copy Screen@ into the useable part 
of Screeni. The Supurhauic extension SCOPY performs this 
task. I wanted a Clear Screoni capability es well, so I added 
the PROCedure SCLR. Thie procedure expects one parameter 
which is used to colour Screen!. The video raz of the QL 
display is arranged thus: 


To woke o useable 


St 


Harvey Taylor 


Mode 4 

Even Byte : Odd Byte 

76543210 76843230 =~ ~Bite 

CRGGGGGG : RRRRRRRR G - Green 
R - Rod 

Mode 8 F - Flash 

Rven Byte : Odd Byte B - Blus 

76543210 = 70543210 - Bites 

GFGFGFGF =: RBRBRBRB 


Passing SCIR the parameter @, will paint tho screen 
black. You can play with other peramoters to see the effect 
of sctting various bits. If you use 65288 for Green, the 
interproter returns an overflow error; but -256 works fino. 
255 printer the screen red. 

The procedure SCKO turns off the Auto-Tog¢le and gives 
you tho default display, io. Soreon®. The procoduro SCR1 
turns off the Auto-Tostle and gives you Screenl. The 
procedure SCRA turn on the Auto-Togdlo; ia. switch between 
the two screen using <CTRL><F5>. 

Tho function SCRNUM tells you which soreon is ourrently 
being displayed, @ or 1. The function SHHERK tell you the 


boro of the Cosmon Henp Mosory reserved by tho initialization 
eode. 


There are some proviso’s with this code. It ehould be 
initielized from » boot: in particular before a directory of 
@ second device is done. This is because we want Screenl to 
begin as close to tho Base of the Common Heap os possible. If 
you do a diroctory of another device before initialising; 
QDOS reserves some coneon heap az a Channel Dofinition Block 
and 9 Physical Definition Block. This will show up as a vhite 
band similar to what SWITCH produces. 

Related to this situation is the value of the Timeout 
value used to wait before switching Screen] on. See the 
comments in the _asm file. 

The othor provico, ic that the dividing line where 
Screeni svitches in is not stable. The easiest way to handle 
this problem, is to put a black border over the region 
similar to the PROCeduro SDEMO below. 

The first SBasic profram below creates a file DSCR_ext 
which is used by the second the SBesic program SDEMO. 


Er REMark PLAY WITH SCREEN UTIL 
128 LAYOUT 

138 INIT 

148 DEMO 

158 STOP 

168 : 

17 DEFine PROCedure DEMO 


168 ©PAPER @: CLS 

198 = PICTURE 

208 «PAPER 4 

210 AT ©,@: PRINT ‘SCREEN 1° 
226 = SCOPY 

238 «=6SCRI 

246 = CLS 

258 SCRA 

268 = ©6SCRA 

276 ~=LIST TO 268 

268 AT O,@: PRINT ’SCREEN Q’ 


PRINT#®,’USE <CTRL><F5> TO TOGGLE SCREENS’ 
398 END DEFine DEMO 


318 : 

320 DEFine PROCedure PICTURE 

330 FOR M=@ TO PI STEP .25: FOR N= 
TO 105 STEP 15 : INK (RND(2,6)): CIRCLE 20 
@,128,4,.5,M: END FOR N : END FOR M 
348 INK 7 

35@ END DEFine PICTURE 

360 : 

378 DK&¥ine PROCedure INIT 

380 nam$="SCR2_ext’ 

398 devs=’flpi_’ 

42@ LBYTES devs & nam$, RESPR(512) 
416 PRINT’ Loaded’ 


420 CALL RESPR(@) 
43@ PRINT’ Initialised’ 
449 END DEFine INIT 


46@ DEFino PROCedure LAYOUT 
478 WINDOW#, 512, 64,0,8 

460 WINDOW#1, 512, 192, 0, 
498 «© WINDOW#2, 512, 19: 


: BORDER #0, 10,0 
84 : BORDER #1,10,0 
1,64 : BORDER #2,10,0 


500 PAPER#2, 4: INK#2,3 
510 PAPER#1,4: INK#1,7 
520 PAPERSO,2: 1 


(NK#2, 7 
530 SCALE 256,9,0: MODE 4 
548 END DEFine LAYOUT 


et REMark Create SCR2_EXT filo 


128 DIOAD 
13@ DSAVE 
148 STOP 


168 DKFine PROCedure DSAVE 

178 —- REMark Save memory to file 

182 nams=’SCR2Z_ oxt’ 

198 dev$=" fip1_ 

208 SBYTES dev$ & nom$, RESPR(O), 408 
210 END DEFine DSAVE 


238 D&Fine PROCedure DLOAD 
240 © -REMark writes DATA to memory & inits PROC & FUNC 
250 eadr-RESPR(512) 


266 = RESTO! 

278 REPeat loop 

280 READ x: IF x=-1: EXIT loop 
290 POKE addr, x 

300 addr=addr+1 


310 END REPeat loop 
320 =PRINT#0, ‘Loaded * 

33@ CALL RESPR(8) 

348 PRINT#O, Initialized’ 
350 END DEFine DLOAD 


370 REMark SCR2_ext code for 2 screens utility 

386 REMark SCLR, SCOPY, SCR6,SCR1,SCRA; SCRNUM, SHHERE 
390 REMark 

400 DATA 67, 258,0, 78,52, 128, 1,16 

410 DATA 78,146, 116, 8, 34,60,0,3 

420 DATA G,@,65, 249,9,2,128,0 

430 DATA 32, 48,,8, 65, 240,8,0 


44@ DATA 146,136, 47,1,112,24,78,65 
458 DATA 34, 31,74, 128, 162 24.6) 250 
460 DATA 1, 16,34, 136,67 cere 
47® DATA 65,250, 1,12, 11 33,73 

8 TA 8,4, 78,65, 11216, 78, M7 

498 DATA G,5,@, 144, 4, 83, 67, 82 

500 DATA 65,,0, 144, 4,83, 67, 82 

518 DATA 48,0,0, 144, 4,83, 67, 82 

520 DATA 49,0,0, 88, 5,63, 67,70 

538 DATA 80, 89,0, 34, 4,83, 67,76 

540 DATA 82,6,6,8,8,2,8,174 

559 DATA 6,83, 67,62, 76,85,77,0 

568 DATA @,116,6, 83, 87,72, 69,82 
578 DATA 69,0, ), 52, 128,1, 18 

568 DATA 78, 146,74, 128, 102,6,12, 67 
590 DATA @,1, 103, 4, 112,241, 78,117 
606 DATA 48,54, 152,0,65,250,0,154 
610 DATA 32, 60, 67,249, 0,3,9,0 
628 DATA 48,192,177, 201, 101, 258,96,8 
630 DATA @, 132,67, 249,8,3,0,0 

648 DATA 32,9, 65, 250,0, 124, 32, 88 

65@ DATA 144, 136, 83, 64, 69, 249,8,2 
668 DATA 128,98, 19,34, 61, 200,255, 252 
67@ DATA 96,98, 67,250,@, 184, 8B, 209 
689 DATA 96,98, 67,250,0,96,66,61 

698 DATA 96, 82, 67,250, 8, 88, 50,188 
10® DATA @, 255, 96,72, 67, 2508,9, 74 

71@ DATA 34, 17,34,118, 6, 68, 93,73 

728 DATA 45, 73,0, 88, 66, 116, 152,0 

738 DATA 74,129, 103, 16,52, 68, 8,32 
748 DATA 83,66, 227,129, 104, 258, 226,145 
758 DATA 61, 138, 152,@, 45,129, 152, 2 
76@ DATA 120,2,96,24,114,1, 194, 58 
778 DATA ©, 29,34, 118, 6,88, 85,73 

782 DATA 45, 73,9, 86,61, 128, 152,0 

79@ DATA 56,6@,0,3,112,0,78,117 


4 

820 DATA @, 52,19, 193,0, 1,128, 99 
830 DATA 74, 43, 9,7, 163, 36,74, 174 
840 DATA G, 152, 102,58, 74,174,8, 156 
850 DATA 102, 44, 74, 46,8, 238, 102,38 
868 DATA 48, 66,6, 44, 61, 208, 255, 254 
870 DATA 8, 193,@,7,19,193,0,1 

888 DATA 128,99, 74, 43,0,6, 103,14 
898 DATA 74, 46,0, 51, 183, 8,61, 238 
909 DATA 8,513,768, 43,0,7,78,117,-1 


oooooooooooOoooOoDoOoOoOooOooOoooOooOoooo0oo0o0o0o000000 


MANDELBROT -: A Fractal World 


Part Three 


Michael E. 


The Machine Code 


Now that we have the BASICS cut of the may, we 
can get down to the microcode or the machine code 
portion of our program, It is not my intention to 
provide an introductory lesson in 68000 assembly 
language programming with this article. However, I do 
intend to cover @L specific instructions (1 Traps 
and Vectors). There are a number of books available 
to teach the basic instruction set of the 68000 
family of chips. One series of books im available 
from Motorola for a very reasonable charge. 


Before I get started with our discussion of the 
various supporting machine code programs, a short 
disclaimer, This prog was my first attempt at 


coding in 68K code. Experienced programmers will find 
sone awkward and round-about approaches in the code. 


MANDELBROT SOURCE CODE 
start 
One of the important things to remember, when 
writing machine code for the GL, is that the Register 
DO must contain the value of O for a successful 
return to BASIC. The QL uses this register to provide 


Carver 


for error traps and reports when returning from Trap 
or Vector calls. Any value, ather than O in DO, ts 
ween by the ROM as an error when returning to BASIC 
or concluding a Trap/Vector call. See pages 19-20 of 
the Concepts section of the GL Guide for a 
breakdown of the Error Report Codes. DO will contain 
& negative value for an official error (i.e., <1 = 
not completes -2 = invalid job,} etc.). The first 
routine in our source code, start, simply locates and 
stores the location of the array data area to be used 
by the machine code program. 


calc 

Our next section {is one of the round-about 
methods I warned you about. Its role is to 
from BASIC, certain #loating point values ne 
the reiterative calculations. e straight 
approach would be to obtain these values from within 
the machine code program, using an input from 
keyboard routine. Even so, some valuable lessons can 


32 


be learned from this section of code. In the Ql, the 
SuperBASIC memory area is dynamic. It can grow or 
Shrink and move about within memory. For this reason, 
the Aé register is used to point to the base address 
of this area. Any particular location in this area, 
including SuperBASIC system variables or the BASIC 
program, is referenced relative to Aé. Each area of 
this memory is indexed by two pointers, for the start 


and the end. These “stacks* are upside down. The 
SuperBASIC system variables start t OFF $00. 
(Note: Iwill be using ‘8° to indicate numbers in 
HEX.) Each procedure, function, and variable created 
from within SuperBASIC is indexed via a nane table 
and @ name list. Their starting add found 
in the SuperBASIC system variables area. Their 
offsets are $18 (BY.NTBAS) and 20 (BV.NLBAS) 


respectively--both long words. Their ending addresses 
are found at offsets $1C (BV.NTP) and $24 (BV.NLP). 
The Name Table 1s composed of blocks of eight 
bytes. This block contains information on the type, a 
pointer to the location in Name List, and a pointer 
to the value. See Table 1 for a complete breakdown of 
this information. 
Let's now look at the calc routine of the code. 
The comments accowpanying the first few lines of this 
routine are misleading, The result of move.t 
$1e924),ai does not retrieve the actual address, only 
the offset from Aé. By adding Aé to Al, the actua 
ending address of the table is found. Since the 
SuperBASIC variables we wish to pass to the machine 
code program are floating point, we are looking in 
the Name Table for the occurence of "0202" (s 
Table 1). The actual names are stored in the Name 
List with one byte for the length of the name, 
followed by the ASCII of the name. Checks are made 
through the Name Table for floating point variables. 
14 one is found, its entry in the Name List is 
Calculated and a check for either cf or cz is carried 
put. By declaring the chine code variable space as 
a long word of © and by transferring the data from 
the Name List into the first 3 bytes of space, we can 
ke a long word check against Di and D2 (see section 


labeled 7ipoint). The Name List is not arranged in a 
normal 68000 manner. It is customary, in 68K 
enbly language, to insure that all addresses be on 


word boundaré (i.e., even addresses). When found, 
the addresses of the actual floating point values are 
Stored in their appropriate machine code spots. 
Floating point variables are stored in the 
with six byte (a 16-bit ponent with 
ntissad. Integ are stored two 
words. The GL stores strings with the first word 
defining the length of the atring, followed by the 
actual string itsel#. I¢ the string is an odé number 
of bytes long, it will be stored with a spare byte to 
adhere to the normal 68K convention of word boun 
Array storage im rather complex. There is 
ong word as a relative pointer to the actual 
of data. This is followed by a word for the 
of 
nsion along with 


au 


start 
number of dimensions. For each dimension, a pair 


words is used which define the di 
an index multiplier for it. This amble is followed 
by the actual array, using the e format as stated 
above for integer, floating point, or string. 


set_up 

The first portion of this section moves the 
actual floating point data from the SuperBASIC 
variable area into our machine code variable area. We 
are now ly #er our first voyage into the GL ROM 
via Vector utilit “floating point math. 


Before any calculations are carried out, a check 
for ample space on the maths stack should be 
performed. This is accomplished by the Vector utility 
S11A  (BV.CHRIX - reserve space on hs stack). Upon 
try, Di should contain the number of bytes needed 
G a long word). When exited, the following 
registers are effected: 


Di corrupted as 

D2 carrupted AL 

DS corrupted az 

as 
If there is insufficient space on the stack, 
this Vector cali will pand it. This may entail 
Roving the stack’s location. The location of ti 


atack im found by checking the SuperBASIC variable 
BV.RIP, which has the offset from Aé of $58. 


33 


bigloop 


Floating point routines, within the @L ROM, are 


accessed by two different Vectors, RI.EXEC - $11 for 
one operation and RI.EXECB - $iiE for a list of 
operations. Upon entry, the following registers 
Should be set up as follows: 

DS.W operation code (RI.EXEC only) 


D7. wet to @ to insure reliabl: ution 

ALL pointer to maths stack (relative to Aé) 

ASL pointer to the list of operations (RI.EXECB only? 
AaeL pointer to base of variable area (relative to A6) 


The following registers are affected by the call: 


Di pr. Ae pr ved 
D2 pr Al updated pointer to maths stack 
D3 pr az 
AS 
aa 
An error report -18 tn DO will 
indicate an arithmetic overtiow. 
See Table 2 ‘for the various math functions 
available. All results of the math operations will be 


found on the top of the stack. RI.DUP (duplic 
the only exception, in that it will incre: t 
stack by one item and update the stack pointer 
leaving two items on the stack. The ¢irst four renove 


) 


the first item on the stack and replace it with the 
result. The next four (along with RI.POWFP) take both 
items on the stack and replace them with one item and 


thus decr. the size of the stack. The remaining 
functions will remove the top item on the stack and 
replace it with the result. To use the RI-EXECB (list 
of operations), AS should point to the list of bytes 
(opcodes). This list must end with #00 

All of the math operations carried out by this 
portion of the code have only two items on the stack, 
though room was reserved for 4 floating point 
numbers. This allows us to leave certain items on the 
stack and by changing the stack pointer, carry out 


another operation. Finally, this new result can be 
Combines with other items t on the stack for 
further math operations. This saves the need of 
pulling items off the stack, storing and retrieving 
them when needed later. Scan the code between diglcop 
and check and see if you can trace this 

of the maths stack. (Refer to the first 

this to se @ BASIC version of the 


calculations being carried out by this portion of the 
code.) 

The remainder 
should be fairly 


of the Madelbrot 
1* explanatory. 


Source Code 


SNAPSHOT SOURCE CODE 


IMPORTANT NOTE: There is a major error in both 
the source code and the BASIC loader (Listing 4, on 
Nov/Dec '87) for the Snapshot machine code routi 
"typo* reversed two numbers in the source cod: In 
the source code, Jines labeled snapshot and paste 
should read 131086 not 131068. In the BASIC Listing 
(see lines 1000 and 1020) "6828,1,-4,16890" should 
read 6828,2,14, 16070 My apologies to all who could 
not de-bug this ca error. 

This is a atratgne-éaresrd piece of code, It 
reads a group of bytes form a certian section of the 
screen's memory map and stores then in a variable 
area contained in the machine code program, My 
approach to accomplish this was rather 
but quick and dirty. To find the actual 
point for the upper left-hand corner 
mini-window area, I POKE'd numbers into the 
memory until I found the exact point. the 
memory starts at #20000 or 131072d and 4 
32K long. The actual screen grid is 128 byt 
and 256 bytes high. The mini-window is 24 bytes wide 


amateurish, 
starting 
the 


of 


and 36 bytes high. The window starts 14 byt from 
the start of the screen and is 24 bytes wide, By 
adding 80 to the last address of the window's scan 
line, we wil exactly 1 line below the 
the previous location (or a total of 128 byt. 
paste routine reve this process by moving the 


copy of the mini-window area back to the screen. 


PLOTTER SOURCE CODE 


start plot 
This machine code module contains two separate 
routines. One, start, plots the mandelbrot map from 
already compiled data, The other one, plot, draws the Oraphic routines from within 
map while it is being calculated. The first section "echine code are aiso acc 
of code (start, = loop and n_loop) run through the through Trap WS functions 


ry 


already calculated data, setting the proper ink calor $D.POINT --~ D8*838 —-~ plot a point 
and plotting each point to the screen. Let's examine See eo eee cco laron tan’ gece 
the various : . jo raw 
subroutines used by both routines: Seen aa eh Sebuaas eae Stata ciel aWibiiel 
convert SD.SCALE --- D@=634 --- detine acale and origin 


TOCUR ---Does36 define text cursor position 
This subroutine is a maths operation executed by ide 
calling the RE TEREC Vectoe  peeviaueey  alaccacea, UPON entry, the following resisters must be prepared: 


Before we can plot a point to the screen, the x and y Pic etebee Pad 
coordinates must be in floating point forms. rae Bee ace patbted 


Upon exit, the following registers 
DS corrupted Am pr rved 

The color attributes for any D2 preserved Al corrupted 

window can be wet by calling one of 

three Trap #3 They are: 


SD.SETPA Paper color Each of the functions require that certain para- 
SD.SETST --- D@=828 --- atrip color meters (floating point form) be placed on a maths 
SD.SETIN --- Dé=@29 --- ink color stack pointed to by Al. This stack is also ups 


@ affected: 


ank 


Upon entry, the following registers need to be down, To insure successful operations of t 
accordingly: functions, there should be 240 bytes free on the 
Di.B color stack, See Table 3 for the parameters which must be 
D3.W timeout (-1) on the stack (relative to Al) for each of the graphic 
AGL channel ID routines. 
Upon returning, the following registers are affected: 
Di AS preserved start? 
ai eertunved Unlike the routine at start, this routine only 
A2 preserved plots one point at a tine, updating the machine code 
Ly Ran complete on <6 sevatidicnanhe’ 20. variables for the x and y coordinates before 


returning to BASIC, It also uses the same subroutines 
detailed above. 
Some of the var d by this code may have 

Channel ID's in machine code are not quite the been POKEd into their location from  SuperBASIC 
same as Channe] #’s in SuperBASIC. The Channe] Table tarray, m point, n_point and color}. This is another 
contains pointers to channel definition blocks within round-about method of passing parameters from Super- 
the common heap (or *FFOOOO0O if the channel is BASIC to machine code. 
closed). The channel ID consists of two words. The 
low word is a reference to its location in the I hope this article will be a start for the 
Channel Table and the high word is the tag number. aspiring 68000 machine codists. There is a great 
Every t channel {s opened, its tag number wil} potential lurking in the heart and soul of the OL, 
be one gr than the previously opened channel, and most of it is easily accessible via machine code. 
When the OL is fired up, 3 default channels are op 1 feel that 68K machine code is much more flexible 
00000000 {= SuperBASIC channel #0 {the lower and dynamic than Z60. (Now, now, if any of you Z80 
window), 00010001 is SuperBASIC channel #1 (the fans have gotten this far, don’t count ne as 
print window), 600020002 is SuperBASIC channel #2  e@x-Z60 buff. One will still find me hacking away at 
(the list window). No matter what the SuperBasic the ole Silver  Avenger--TS2066!!) With the 
channel # 18 for the next channel opened (i.e., #32), availability of a large number of Traps and Vectors, 
{t will almost certainly have the channel 1D of much of the chore of coding in jembiy language hal 
00030003. The Mangelbrot program u the default been removed. Once again, I would Tike to apologize 
window #2 to display the mandelbrot map, making to any who y have lost a few nights sleep due to 
calculations of the channel ID a snap. the error in the Snapshot code. 

This section of code uses the color data POKEd 
into memory by the SuperBASIC program (lines Z830 and ue to the length of 


4250). The distance point #rom the mandelbrot set (1 Michael Carver's Mandelbrot machine code subroutine, 


to 255) is used as an index pointer to the this Listing will be included next issue, when this 
appropriate color in this table. series conclud editor 


the source code listing of 


Bibliography: 
Denning, Adam Advanced GL machine cove. Duckworth, 1985. 


Gandot#, Martin Machine code programming on the Sinctatr Ql. 
Hutchinson, 1985. 


Kane, Gerry 68998 microprocessor handbook. Osborne/McGraw Hill, 
1986. 


King, Tim Progamming the 6a 


Addtson-w 


ey, 1985. 


Krantz, Donald 6800# assembly languages techniques for building 
programs, Addison-Wesley, 1986. 


nese: @-/16-/32-bit microprocessors progranner’s ference 
manual. Prentice-Hall, 1986. (Available from Motorola -~ check 
your yellow pages for a representative.) 


Pennell, Andrew Tre Sinclair @D0S companions # gui 
operating system. Sunshine, 1985. 


to the a 


Williams, Steve Programming the 68988. Sybex, 1905. 


34 


18 RI.COS cosine 
-- Variable types 


sia RI.SIN wine 
davinta the'tyae ot ahet nace SIS RI-TAN tangent 
undesined string variable Son Ricasin®? vaccaine. 
undefined ¢loating point number pies Gtacod ~ -actecine 
Mocerinedisnceser. 424 RI.ATAN — arctangent 
stn ing expression 926 RI.ACOT = aarcotangent 
ioating: pote s28 RI.SGRT square root 
integer ekpret s2A RI.LN natural loge 
string variable s2¢ RI.LOGIS base 12 tags 
Float ne reoint «number: s2e RI.EXP exponential 
integer 338 RI,POWFP take NOS > TOS 
Substring (used internally only) 
string array 
floating point array 
integer array 
SuperBASIC procedure TABLE 3 -- Graphic function parameters 
SuperBASIC string function 
f SuperBASIC ¢laating point function SD.POINT Soo1A1)  y co-ord 
SuperBASIC integer function soeial) x co-ord 
#0602 REPeat top name SD.LINE seBtAi) ~y Ca-ord of end of line 
$8792 © FOR loop counter (#leating point) 26(A1) x co-ord of end of line 
} 98686 © machine code procedure social: —y co-erd af start of line 
s8908 = machine code function B12(AL) x Co-ard af start of line 
SD.ARC — SBBLA1) angle of the are 
word pointer to entry in name Liat (or -1 14 expression) S6(AL) —-y Co-ord of end of arc 
Jeng Pointer to value (For variables this $OC(AL) x Co-ord of end oF arc 


the variable area, or if undetined, 
For SuperBASIC procedures and functions, the high word 
im the line number of the DEF statement. For machi 


#12(01) —-y co-ord of start of arc 
x co-ord of start of arc 
angle of rotation 


S8D.ELIPSI 


and definitio: the long word i the radius 
Sy ane routine, secenericity (1 1¢ a etretes 
siziai) yy covora of center 
Sloat) 2 coverd of center 
SD.SCALE SOB(AL) x position of graphica origin 
TABLE 2 -~ Floating Point functions Sas Y repen of graphics origin 
SeCtAl)  Acale factor 
OPCODE WANE FUNCTION SD.GCUR SBOCALD graphica x co-ord 
802 RILNINT INT floating point into word integer (ALD graphics y co-ord 
$84 RI.INT truncate ¢loating point into word integer CIAL) horiz. pixel offset of cursor 
806 RI.NLINT INT floating point form into lang integer Si2(A1) vert. pixel offset of cursor 
$98 RILLINT convert integer into floating potnt 
on -RILADD| ada TOS to NOS 
soc RI.SUB subract TOS from NOS 
Sez REUMULT — uitiply Tos by NOS 
RI.DIV divide TOS into NOS 
RI-ABS t absolute value 
Arineol” kegs QL Computer $129.95 
REDUP duplicate 


Speed Screen $3595 

M6 Rom-newest ver. $41.95 

QL Technical Guide $14.95 

Archive Runtime V2.38 $35.95 

Task Master $39.95 

Spellbound $49.95 
We carry ALL hardware 


and software lines for the Sinclair QL. 


Sharp’s, Inc. 


rN 

Rt. 10, Box 459 & 

Mechanicsville, VA 23111 “= 
(804) 746-1664 or 730-9697 

VISA & MASTER CARD accepted with 3% surcharge. 


ARCHIVE MASTER 


ARCHIVE Database is a powerful, 

flexible and unique program that 

w supplied as a “*bonus" with 

most new GL computer systems. 
However, due to it’s complexitity 
and lack of complete documentation, 
it is perhaps the most misunderstood 
QL program...that is, up until now. 
Enter the new book, 

from Executive Workshop. 
ARCHIVE MASTER explores all of the 
inner workings of ARCHIVE, 

and contains tips & tricks to help 

you make ARCHIVE an even more 
powerful tool for personal use 
business. Complete procedures are 

included to set up an Inventory 
program, a Customer/Supplier file, 

an Accounts Receivable/Invoicing 

Program, a Mai] List Manager, 

and much more! 

ARCHIVE MASTER is supplied with a 
durable three ring binder, and is 
priced at $44.95 (plus $3 StH). 
Order your copy from: 

RMG ENTERPRISES 
1419 1/2 7th Street 
Oregon City, OR 97045 
(503) 655-7484 


Sounds like a spy thriller, but the 
title really refers to an income tax prepa- 
ration program (in the nick of time), a 
personal or $nall-business double-entry 
accounting system, and a revolutionary 
multi-taskable, multi-file, universal 
full-screen editor--all for. the Sinclair QL. 


BUSOFT'S TAX-I-QL/87 * # ¥ *¥ 172 


TAX-I-QL/87 is a rather complex IRS 
Form 1040 template designed to simplify tax 


preparation by individuals or tax-form 
preparers. It replaces TAX-I-QL which had 
to be rewritten from scratch. It is used 
with either QLSS version 2.1 or ABACUS 
version 2.3 and a QL with at least 256K RAM. 
Few instructions are on the template, and 
most instructions must be read from IRS 
forms, but this should remove a little 
drudgery from the process, satisfy your 
soul, and leave you a good record with 
which to impress your IRS tax auditor. 

The disk version can print to IRS forns 
but the Nicrodrive version will not. 

Since you probably won’t read this 
before 30 March, I have tried to arrange an 
expeditious way to order the software, 
TAX-I-QL/87 1s deductible at $24.95. Send 
your check to EMSOFT, P.O. Box 8763, Boston, 
NA 02114-8763. Specify the Microdrive or 
5 1/4" disk version, and, if the latter, 
whether double~ or quad-density, EMSOFT will 
expedite shipment. No telehone orders. 


A.R.K. Distributions THE SPY * * * * ¥ 

A.R.K.'G THE SPY is from Richard Howe 
and those wonderful folke who gave us 
ARCHIVIST. THE SPY is billed as a mlti- 
file, multitaskable, universal full-screen 
editor. Not a word processor, the program 
"is designed primarily for programmers who 
want an editor which EXECs quickly, multi-— 
tasks, and takes as little space as possible 
Cin RAM) while providing all the fundamental 
editimg facilities at the highest speed.” 

THE SPY lives up to this billing and 
more. A.R.K., for Applied Research Kernel, 
Distribution is in the business of designing 
and retailing business software, and their 
latest product is another good piece of 
work. 500K of assembler source language 
have been compiled onto about 200 Microdrive 
sectors. The people at A.R.K. believe that 
in the future most small computer sustems 
will be emulated faster on Transputer* based 
home micros, and, if so, computer owners may 
be freed from the whims and follies of com 
puter companies. 


DEDDODDODDUDELDODDDODDDDDODDUBEDDDDDDDDEDEDDDDDDDDD SG 


Gqggggqqagaqaagqaaqogagraccaaaqgagsqagagaaggqaqqcqagscacaqqcqggqaqagaaag: 


Time Designs Tests 


TAX-I-QL/87, PACIOLI and THE SPY 
by Mike de Sosa 


agaganaqaaaqagaaaaaay 


What can THE SPY do? It can load and 
stack as many files (programs) as your QL 
RAM permits, allocate working space to each, 
and tansfer blocks of code (from assembler 
language to SuperBASIC) locally within files 
or globally between files. Files can be of 


aqacaacadcaaaaagaaaacaaaat 


any type from binary to text. It commands 
functions using a single keypress or 
combination keypress, that is, CTRL B to 
drop the BLOCK menu or CTRL Z to zap the 


current file from the stack. 
are via the function keys. Extremely rapid 


operation is possible, shifting between 
screens of code and moving or correcting 


Other commands 


blocks of code semi-automatically. THE SPY 
can, for example, load itself, customize 
itself, and then replace itself--something 


like a Phoenix. 

THE SPY is said to be compatible with 
QRAM, KEYDEFINE, and probably with other 
master multitasking programs. (The software 
arrived too late to test its operation with 
other such programs and its price was not 
mentioned, but Mark at SHARP’s should have 
the "straight skinny” on price and compati- 
bility by the time you read this.) 


* rn . A firmware/hardware addition 
for microcomputers that will vastly increase 
their speed of operation and vereatility so 
that computers like the QL might become vir- 
tually obsolescence proof. Leon Heller, 
editor of QUANTA, has been working on this 
revolutionary development for some time. 


ZBATALINE'’s PACIOLI * * ¥ * 1/2 


PACIOLI 1s a double-entry book-keeping 
system designed to enable the individual or 


small-business man to manage his own 
finances in a comprehensive way with a 
minimum of effort. PACIOLI ie menu-driven 


and straightforward to use, and learning to 
use PACIOLI is a liberal education in 
double-entry accounts-keeping. The program 
also computes several financial ratios such 
as net profit percentage, capital circula- 
tion, and annual growth rate. Screen and 


printout representations of bar- and pie- 
graphs are available. The significance of 
the name PACIOLI escapes me. Distributors 
should check with me for U.S.A. wholesale 


prices. Individuals should check with their 
distributor or write to Zeataline Projects 
Ltd., 3 York Close, Washingborough, LINCOLN, 
LN4, 1SQ, Looks like a winner! About $30. 


NEXT TIME: Full information on lots of 


exotic new software that is supposed to be 
on the way, 


cre 


DBDDESHEEDHDLEDHDYDDDDDDDDLDSDLDHDULDDODLEDDDDDDBIODD 


aqcaqacaccacaqauadagccaacacaanadaaaanaancanacaaaanaagaaaaaaaaaacacagacaaaaa: 


ABRERABERAUULEREUNLERDEEAOT EEUU DERI RESTREIURRERRERE NERLOEBLANERDRER 


Khy the QL? 


Now is not the time to give up on the Sinclair CL! 


by Mtke de Sosa 


A mumber of perple have said that the Sinclaim OL is dendethat there is no point in upgrading to the GL or in sticking vith it any longer! 
These may-sayers commot be wore urong. Following ore just some of the reosons uty you should uppode to the QL or stick vith its 


1, The Sinclair QL package is, quite literally, the best value for soney of ry professional computer, 

2, Uther Sincloin computers “would not die,” ond the GL is no exceptionit is still “state of the art.” 

3, Second end third-generation @ softuare~far sore cffordkble ond in eory cases better thon aost big nave brondsis nov available, 
4, any OL users vho use bigrnase brand winicoaputers ond personal coaputers at virk such prefer the GL for sony reasons, 

5, Lovrcust ond imovative GL firsuore ond harduare chich fully utilizes the Gl's great power is only just nov approaching fully developed status, : 
6, The O. Users ond Tirkerers Association (RMA) library now proves 28 qua-density flogny disks containing  softure ond docusentation of 


UL types and descriptions at very lov cost to wesbers—contact Tow Bent betueen 7pe and 16 pa EST ot (381) 7-718? for firther information 
on QUTR, its excellent eonthly neuslelter, its wassive nesters’ software litrary, 


7. The TAS 268 is on excellent computer unich has given us great service, but it locks the necessary capcity to rn cuprebensive datbuse, 
sprentsheel, deektorpubliching, ced integrated (ultitasked) programs, The GL vith TRAP CARD wes G36K of RAH! 


8, Met wears are unnare of or do nat wake full use of the latest OL products vhich con transform operation of the &L to such an extent that 
it stould be the cospater of choice for aony ol a sacll fraction of the cost of sony Less copahle syste! 


“ig To take fuller advantage of your OL, subscribe to TIME DESICHS tayozine (416.95 a yeor for six big issues) ond 

purchase Or, Hike de Sosa's excellent book, TAKING THE QUANTUM LEAP, the wost upctosdate book on GL, uritten g 
in language anyone con understand, ubich explains wang useful things about the OL just not found in Us user guide. & 
--Piboth ore available from TIHE DESIGHS, 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, Oregons tel, (96%) 824-2658; CompuServe 104 : 
& 71330,3238, Order both Hoy! 


: Buy a QL or two or three of them from your favorite QL dealer while they last! : 
DESIGNER Z-—looks like the Macintosh! 


2999955990900965 37 TEER RIERA 


Khy the QL? 


Now is not the time 
to give up on the Sinclair QL! 


by Mtke de Sosa 


About four years ago I wrote an article 
for Reader's Digest (never published) about 
the new Sinclair QL microcomputer. I 
entitled the article "The First Lightweight, 
Low-cost Supermicrocomputer," and promised 
that the QL would soon revolutionize the 
computer world, including the training of 
computer users, financing, and logistics. 
And the QL promised to do just that, but a 
few things went wrong: early models of the 
QL and early versions of its bundled 
software were just not ready for release, 
resulting in some bad reviews; Sir Clive’s 
marketing strategy left many things to be 
desired; the U.S. distributor, though 
personally helpful to me, was poorly 
organized and refused to advertise--the 
statement was made, "We don't need the U.S. 
market"; the Reagan administration held up 
FCC clearance for seven months--crucial at 
the time; computer sales went flat; Sir 
Clive almost went broke because of his 
electric tricycle and had to liquidate his 
QL brainchild; etc. 

The Sinclair QL and its bundled 
software, is now "fully developed” through 
the efforts of Psion Ltd. and third-party 
firmware designers, notably Tony Tebby, and 
its price has dropped from $500 to under 
$100. 

The QL remains the first lightweight, 
low-cost, supermicrocomputer. Many computer 
experts--regular users of Apple, IBM, Texas 
Instrument, and other PCs--have visited me 
and marvelled at what an intelligently aug- 
mented QL can do, (They even like tha key~ 
board and Microdrives--unique to Sinclair-- 
which many have previously knocked.» When I 
tell them what the computer and its allied 
software, firmware, and hardware cost, their 
jaws really drop! For many of the same 
reasons that the QL was to have 
revolutionized the computer world in 1984, 
it remains an extremely versatile, almost 
obsolescence-proof computer (remember the 
term transputer--a new device which will, 
among many other things, permit the 
emulation (and input/output to) any type of 
computer, permitting the true universal— 
idzation of computers--it's coming soon for 
the QL.) 

What I’m trying to say is that the QL 
is an excellent machine that, when properly 
upgraded, will allow you ta join the 
computer revolution and remain "state of the 


art" for the foreseeable future--and this at 
the very lowest cost! 

Many other reasons for sticking with or 
upgrading to the QL are listed on the facing 
page, and I could go on listing them all 
day, mainly in connection with the many out- 
standing classic and new software programs 
now available. Did you hear that Psion 
Ltd's QL CHESS, running on the QL, won the 
Vorld Microcomputer Chess Championship for 
the third time? 


LOW-COST JS ROM WOW AVAILABLE 


One problem with U.S. QL’s is that they 
are furnished with JSU ROM chips rather than 
JS ROM chips. The former cause certain 
graphic distortions/relocations with some 
software, for example GRAPHIQL+, VROOM!, 
PROJECT PLANNER, DECISION MAKER, etc,, thus 
limiting their use. Replacement JS ROM 
chips are now available for about $25, and 
for about $35 you can have the JS ROM plus 
built-in TOOLKIT II, or ICE, or QfLlash 
RAKDISK & TOOLKIT (no, you must furnish 
these chips)? on EPROM. For another $10, RMG 
Enterprises, tel. (503) 765-2455, will even 
install it in your QL or a new QL, but I 
understand that this is a snap, requiring 
less than ten minutes work and no soldering. 
Have it put in a new QL, and buy yourself a 
spare QL--with JS ROM--today, the price my 
mever be lower. Check with your favorite QL 
distributor for exact prices, etc 


KEEP IN TOUCH 


The Ultinate QL Terminal 


USS$I19.95 # 3.66 shipping 
f{specify mediur] 


Meta Media Productions 
726-HWest 17th 
Vancouver BC 

Canada VS2 iT? 


PAGE DESIGNER 2 


TREE tout COITIMOR fort | SANESERIF font 
PAGE DESIGNER 2 is a radically changed SIRURRD font sata re 
y change! Trretint taba fant 
and greatly enhanced commercial version of patie are 


the QUANTA library's original PAGB DESIGNER 


a 
(see Tine Designs, Jan/Feb 1988, p. 38). atont Melt teat Pe a 
PD2 requires at least 256K of additional RAM 


HUEES EOS 
aot compatible with the originalprogras, STANDARD 8990 OUTLINE 
vaderstana ‘aedeasy “tevuse. Hew gestures BROADWAY_ENGR OATAIG 
menory, tovstere ae’ weny ae nine cea?)  BOLDSTANDARD COLNMTODUN 
pages, to import QUILL _doc files into 


Gultiple automatic or manually defined = OCNIPA FUTURHUSPLAY TIMES 


columns, new column justification options, 


word or character microspacing by pixel, new Trace text ond hires fente ane all supplied a: stand vith Pogo Gesigner 2, 
text and hires fonts, multi-pass printing En Tan ae ea ye ae ane ui th perth! acing 
and multiple copy options, improved text 

typing, and many others. CUT & PASTE NEXT TIME: “Upgrading Your QL," more HOT 
operations are very fast and versatile. PD2 TIPS, and more exotic wares for your QL. 


is available from SHARP’s for under $60, 


DESIGNING WINDOWS 
a QL program by P. Bingham 


No @L graphics discussion would be complete 
without mention of the GL’s marvelous windowing 

With the power allowed by virtue of Super- 
@L can handle many windows, t: 
aint 
programmer, he (or 
only dreamed of in other 


Sinclair . 

But during programming, the actual DESIGNING of 
a window usually goes something like this: 1) type in 
WINDOW command with the four parameters sets 2) 
realize it isn't long enough on the screen} 3) type in 
another WINDOW Commands 4) now it is way too longs 
type in another WINDOW command with an in-betw 
paramete: now what was the original ue? 6) st. 
throwing things. 

A couple of years ago, ran across a litt 
program) written by Jam Lucy in the British LISTING 1 
publication, GL WORLD. OL WORLD is great for @L 


lovers and is still worth the rather steep “poor-ex- 10 REMark DESIGNING WINDOWS 

thange-rate-induced” price of four bucks an issue 20: 

from the few U.S. dealers who stock it. Janes Lucy's 30 MODE 512:WINDOW 512,256,0,0:PAPER 4:0VER-1:CLS:i=3:0=7 
program was # quick little window editor #or monitor 40 REPeat new_window 

owners. I have modified it quite « bit ¢#rom the 50 x=440:y=210: p=30: q=20: windows 


original (Listing 1) 60 REPeat outline 


The program is simple. Just type it in as is and 70 a=CODE( INKEY$(-1)) 
run it. It will draw the outlines of a window. The: 80 windows 

by using the arrow keys, this window #ri can be 90 SELect ON = 

moved around the screen. (If you bump into the screen 100 =240:0=7 


edge it won't go any further.) By holding the CONTROL 
key down, the arrow keys will cause the box to shrink 
or swell to the desired size. The program soves the 
frame in steps of seven, but for fine tuning, just 
hit F1 and you may proceed a pixel at atime. To set 
it back to seven just hit F3. When you have what you 
want, hit the TABULATE key and the exact WINDOW 
Parameters will be printed for you in the center of 
the screen. You may keep drawing various sized window 
frames over » or hit ESC and the 
screen will c dy to go again. The program 
alters each nt #rame color so you can d 


:INK 7:CLS:PRINT x!y!p!ta! 


tinguish fly. Once in a while, two over- 230 WINDOW 512, 256,0,0:0=7:i=i+2:1F i=: 
lapping lines cancel each other. Not to worry, just 240 NEXT new_window 
hit an arrow key or TABULATE. 250 END SELect 

Well, ¢ire up those @Ls and start some fancy 260 windows 
“indow =programming again now that you have no 270 END REPeat outline 
excuses! This program will help with header blocks 280 DEFine PROCedure windows 
and thin shadow line parameters as well, so go do 290 BLOCK x,1,p,q,i:BLOCK x, 1,p,aty-l,i 
something to make that black d white MACINTOSH 300 BLOCK 1,y¥-2,p,q+1,4:BLOCK 1,y-2,p+x-1,a+l.i 
Screen next door turn green with envy and your 310 END DEFine windows 


cousin’s BIG BLUE turn even bluer. 


(716) 834-1716 


Call or write for a free catalog of products fo 


af 


(716) 834-1716 


r the Timex Computer 


the 


CLASSIFIED 


FREE ADS FOR SUBSCRIBERS 


#0 TEE SHIRTS-STILL AVAILABLE ## 
SUNSTATE T/S WINTERFEST ‘68. 
Collectables, Official T-shirt, *8 
sizes Sm, Med, Lg., call after Spm 
EDT. for info: (305) 860-2465. 


WANTED: MIDI SOFTWARE for 
composing, editing, playing and 
printing on the Sinclair QL. 
Reginald Cottle, 840 Eglinton Ave. 
West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 
WSN-1G1, (416) 785-3987. 


FOR SALE: PORTUGESE TIMEX 2068 
computer, very rare U.S. Model, 
2040 printer, 2020 recorder, Zx81, 
programs, more. Send for list. Dave 
Maccarone, 67 Bradley Ct., Fall 
River, MA 02720, (617) 678-2110. 


FOR SALE: BYTE BACK PARALLEL I/F 
for the TS2068. $40 ppd. Ted Dupar, 
21696 Cabrosa, Mission Viejo, CA 
92691, (714) 583-9763. 


FOR SALE: BYTE BACK RS-232 with 
documentation. New, never used, 
just sat in drawer. New was 670, 
Yours for just *35. David Hartman, 
2 Gillis Road, Portsmouth, VA 
23702. 


FOR SALE: TS2048 w/modified keybd, 
including monitor, 2 print I/F's & 
Disk I/F. Lots of books & software. 
$150. Loren Latker, 10634 
Valparaiso #32, Los Angeles, CA 
90034, (213) SSB-1127, 


WANTED: BACK ISSUES OF T/S MAGS. 
(@ZxX, SYNTAX, TOM, SUM, SINCUS, T/S 
USER, etc.) Also: schematic, Owner 
Manual for TSi500. Send list/prices 
to: D. Smith, R.415 Stone St., 
Johnstown, PA 15906. 


WANTED: TS2068 EXTENSION CABLE for 
peripherals (rear dock connection) 
or information as to where the 
parts for same can be obtained. 
John Deering, 136 Neverbreak Dr., 
Hendersonville, TN 37075. 


WANTED: A ROMPACK EPRON with both 
2X Pro/File and Guickload on the 
Same cart. Warren Jackson, 11191 
Edgemere Terrace, Roscoe, IL 61073. 
After S CST, (815) 623-6937. 


3 WESTRIDGE MODEM BOARDS, 
with schenatica...830. 
Can be used for RS-232 Interface 
project in Vol.2 No.3 of TDM. 

Bill Ferrebee, 749 Hill St. #6, 
Parkersburg, WV 26104, 


WANTED: @UADRA CHART and PC-DRAW 
software for TS2068. FOR SALE: I/F 
bardware/software for 2068 4-color 
plotting w/Commodore 1520. John 
McMichael, 1710 Palmer Dr., 
Laramie, WY 82070. 


SINCUS NEWS-86/6 issues @ 
2068 oriented, subscriber 
news, tips, swaps, how to 
check to SINCUS NEWS, 1229 Rhodes 
Rd, Johnson City, NY 13790. A non 
profit hobby group since 19¢2. 


FOR SALE: 1 TSi000 w/16K & SW, 
wimonitor kit, 1 T$Z2068 used, & 1 
TS2068 new, 1 182040 and also 1 
TS2050 modem. Also have new SW in 
box's, will sell or trade (for 
list, send S.A.S.E,) R Burt, PO Box 
157, Belleville, Ontario, Canada 
KeN-425. 


WANTED: COPIES OF THE FOLLOWING 

articles from SINCUS on “Comput, 

Interruptus*...Part 1 to 5S (May> 
to Feb 86). Renato Zannese, 615 

Roding Street, Downsview, Ontar> 
Canada, M3M-2A6. 


WANTED: INTERFACE ONE with mand 
For ZX SPECTRUM 46K. Call or wr 
John A. Byrne, Rt.3 box 342, Cr‘ 
ville, TN 38501, (615) S26-791« 


WANTED: HOT-Z II with doces 
original TS1S00 Owner Manuals #¢ 
2068 with docs (good condition 
used Byte Back MD2 mod (2K), 
G. Tripptree, 180 Summit Cirel 
Little Ferry, NJ 07643, 


FOR SALE: TAX-I-GL/87 templatecr 
1987 taxes on a 256K GL. Info SE 
or $24.95 #rom EMSOFT, Box 876: 
Boston, MA 02114, 


NEED HELP: Converting the grap 
section of the TS1000 program 
“Stock Market Tech Analysis I* 
(Timex), over to the TS2068. palé 
Weiler, 4641 Kawanee Ave, Metaie 
LA 70006. 


FOR SALE: ZEBRA 3-PIECE FDD DI: 
DRIVE SYSTEM for the TS2068. 60. 
Larry Kenny, RRAZ Navan, Ontary 
Canada K4B-1H9, (613) 835-2680 


HOME COMPUTER REPAIRS 
Write For Prices. 
Dan Ellioteé 
Rt £ Box £47 
Cabool, MO 65689 
(3L4) 739-1742 


Do you have some equipment or a program that you would like to sell? Looking for something hard to find? Place an 
ad in THE CLASSIFIEDS! Subscribers can place one free personal ad in cach issue. Ad size is 32 Col. wide (like 2040 
paper) and maximum of six lines. For additional line. - $3 each. NON-SUBSCRIBERS and DEALERS: $4 a line. 
DEADLINE FOR ALL CLASSIFIED ADS: Two weeks before publication date. Mail your ad to: 


IGNS MAGAZINE, The Classifieds Dept., 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, Oregon 97017. 


Nira SPRING PERIPHERAL SALE — TRUNPCARD GL 299, 

GLENDALE AZ 853125607 88 ial a 

HQ2-9762502 ERIFPING THC: UNGER e a iy a par ; PSION ORGANISER CM 
$208 ALO 46.08 OLER 5: : § 159,95 


PRINTERS. MONITORS 
CITIZEN 1200 $169.95 AVATEX 12008 982,95 PSION PCA ee 


CITIZEN 180D 189.95  AVATEX 1200P 119.95 jne op gw ann HW FOR 
EPSON LX 800 209.95 eee 289.95 mex 100) AND 2068 AND 
OKIDATA 182 234.95 SPECTRUM 

“SEIKOSHA 120088 209.95 CL WORLD $4.00 ere oe carping FIR VS 


PANASONIC {080IM2 194.95 SINCLAIR USER 4.00 oy ign pron COMOOURE 
STAR NXIOOO =—-199.95 PC AMSTRAD EE 7.00 ann AISTRAD? 25" cio 
NB 2410 24PIN 499.95 CONMODORE USER 4.00 ee 


‘ AND ic 
w SERIAL, ALL OTHERS paraLLEL COMPUTER VIDEO 4,00 pci tase 


LARKEN troduces 


256K for Your TS-2068 


sescnoenee NEW LARKEN RAMDISK  #ekexHx" — Now you can expand yor 2068 to up to 256K of nonvolatile Ram with the 
New Larken Randisk system. The Randisk system consists of the Larken LKDOS Ex-Basic cartridge and a rear aounted 
eens neror' beard The LKDOS operating system uses all the standard Basic commends to operate the Rardisk such as 
LOAD SAVE CAT KERGE FORMAT E etc, so its as easy to use as a cassette or Floppy disk. 
The Rasdisk penory bo board uses the new 32K x 8 static ram chips (62256-LP) and cones with 64K of Ram. You can add sore 
chips for up to Battery Backed up. Very Fast and reliable. Its fully Spectrum and 0S-64 and floppy disk 
Cony atable (Larken, Ranex or liger). Tape backup program ancls 

RICE : RarDisk with 64K, and LXDOS Ex-basic Cartridge .. seve $129.95 


seen 400K 206H/Spectrus Floppy disk Interface xx*x#*x4 The disk interface can support up to 4 - 3” to 5.25" SS 
DS or Quad (800K) drives. wal Shap shot cfea button and KEMPSTON joystick port are on the disk Interface. It can 


mattis; 95 
+ $179.95 


eupppee —AERCOQ-RAMEX or siieed disk users #¥4282%x# You can now have LKDOS for your disk IF for Spectrua, 
OS-64 and Larken disk compatability and also RanDisk Capability. An KM button can be added for Snapshot merory saves. 
Algo ace of all LiDOS Exrbasic comands including “108, SAVE,CAT, FORMAT, MERGE ERASE, PILL WINDOWS, ete, Sead for info. 
~~ PRICE: LKDOS (Aerco Ramex or Oliger) 5 

-- Spectrua Enulator added to any preduct above o 00 


banter be LkDOs Sire ren (al) software will run on any Lkdos based floppy disk or randisk or 
coabin: tpi 5.25" disk,or on cassette .) 

COUT IRE ee Ss sito t rote = This ram based Lkdos extension a ee egntial Hles. 2 be Opened, closed, written 
to or read froa us. Basic commands OPEN, CLOSE, PRINT#, INPUTR, REISY 

~ XHODEN to LKDOS ai PACKAGE - Lets you up or down load 2050 noden files ‘iteslly to ae vith out any puter sie 
jdestattons. Te Transait wy pecieve files a3 large as 100K. Lkdos users can send entire NHI saves over the modea, Mini 
erpinal 
~ LKDOS DISK EDITOR’ -"this progran lets you nodify any block on the disk, sap out bad blocks , reforsat single tracks 
and gore, Complete documentation on Lkdos operation and accessing the dos fron nachine code is’ included. 2 $15 


ALL PRICES ARE $US ADD $5 S&H FOR HARDWARE ADD $2 S&H FOR SOFTRARE 
LARKEN ELECTRONICS —-RR#2 NAVAN, ONTARIO, CANADA, K4B-1H9, (613)-835-2680 


1X PRO/FILE (Prod& TSLPF) $19.95 (151000). A aachine language information 
storage and retrieval tool for 16-64k. Written by Thosas B. Woods. 
Multi-vord search capability, instant file access, ordered displays, definable 
printer functions, totally flexible file size, 59 page tutorial manual. This 


is the finest data base program ever vritten for the 1S1000/1500 and Sinclair 
uel. 


ACZ GENERAL LEDGER 1.000 (Prod# ACZ1) $19.95 (751000). An accounting systea 
which is designed to meet the accounting needs of a saall business. 


ACT GENERAL LEDGER 2.000 (Prod# ACZ22) $19.95 (152068). An accounting systea 
designed for the saall business. The ACZ 2.000 is flexibly designed so the 
reports fit your business vhether it is a proprietorship, partnership or 
corporation. There's plenty of capacity vith up to 150 named accounts and up 
to 800 entries and accounts each aonth. Includes a 20 page eanual that vill 
get you up and going inno tiae. For use vith the T2068, a 2040 printer is 
optional. 


COLONIZE THE UNIVERSE (Prodé TS2COL) $16.95 (TS2068). Winning this game 
requires cunning, poise and a bit of luck. Try to build up your space colony 
in order to survive. Fuel and food are scarce and must be vatched constantly 
in order to survive. Aliens, Black Holes, Super Nova Explosions and Tiae 
Warps are also abundant. This game is just like a galactic Monopoly game, 
It's great fun and provides hours of entertainsent! We highly recoaaend this 
game! 


THE DEALER’S DEN (Prod# TS2DEN) $16.95 (152068). If you love to play poker 
than this is the prograa for you. You play Draw Poker as you have seen in the 
arcade gases at your local night club. You can also play four hands of Drav 
Poker against the dealer's one hand. Great Graphics sake this software 
package a aust for any computerist who loves Poker! Contains two prograas: 
THE DEALER'S DEN and ORAW POKER. 


PROFILE 2068 (Prod# TS2PF) $29.95 (152068). A professional file and database 
fanager for the 2058, Instructions are displayed on the screen and guide you 
through the steps. After you have saved sone files, you can access thea by 
typing in any vord, or group of nuabers in that file. A 100+ page aanual is 
included detailing the many uses - with instructions for use vith a full size 


printer. The best data base systea available for the 182068. Just ask anyone 
vho uses it. 


Please include $2.95 per order for shipping. NY residents add sales tax. 
Please aail your order to the above address. We accept checks, KasterCard, 
Visa and COD orders. A fee of $1.90 vill be added to COD orders. All in 
stock items vill be shipped vithin 24 hours of receipt of order. Please use 
Prodé when ordering. Thanks for making us you T/S Software supplier! 


AC2Z General Ledger 


Colonize the Universe 


The Dealer's Den 


PRO/FILE 2068 


Send for a copy 
of our free 
catalog!